China 1986 - 2022 (CMO) 45p

geometry problems from Chinese Mathematical Olympiads (CMO)
with aops links in the names

1986 - 2022

1986 CMO problem 2
In $\triangle ABC$, the length of altitude $AD$ is $12$, and the bisector $AE$ of $\angle A$ is $13$. Denote by $m$ the length of median $AF$. Find the range of $m$ when $\angle A$ is acute, orthogonal and obtuse respectively.

1986 CMO problem 4
Given a $\triangle ABC$ with its area equal to $1$, suppose that the vertices of quadrilateral $P_1P_2P_3P_4$ all lie on the sides of $\triangle ABC$. Show that among the four triangles $\triangle P_1P_2P_3, \triangle  P_1P_2P_4, \triangle P_1P_3P_4, \triangle P_2P_3P_4$ there is at least one whose area is not larger than $1/4$.

1987 CMO problem 5

Let $A_1A_2A_3A_4$ be a tetrahedron. We construct four mutually tangent spheres $S_1,S_2,S_3,S_4$ with centers $A_1,A_2,A_3,A_4$ respectively. Suppose that there exists a point $Q$ such that we can construct two spheres centered at $Q$ satisfying the following conditions:
i) One sphere with radius $r$ is tangent to $S_1,S_2,S_3,S_4$;
ii) One sphere with radius $R$ is tangent to every edges of tetrahedron $A_1A_2A_3A_4$.
Prove that $A_1A_2A_3A_4$ is a regular tetrahedron.

1988 CMO problem 2
Given two circles $C_1,C_2$ with common center, the radius of $C_2$ is twice the radius of $C_1$. Quadrilateral $A_1A_2A_3A_4$ is inscribed in $C_1$. The extension of $A_4A_1$ meets $C_2$ at $B_1$; the extension of $A_1A_2$ meets $C_2$ at $B_2$; the extension of $A_2A_3$ meets $C_2$ at $B_3$; the extension of $A_3A_4$ meets $C_2$ at $B_4$. Prove that $P(B_1B_2B_3B_4)\ge 2P(A_1A_2A_3A_4)$, and in what case the equality holds? ($P(X)$ denotes the perimeter of quadrilateral $X$)

1988 CMO problem 5
Given three tetrahedrons $A_iB_i C_i D_i$ ($i=1,2,3$), planes $\alpha _i,\beta _i,\gamma _i$ ($i=1,2,3$) are drawn through $B_i ,C_i ,D_i$ respectively, and they are perpendicular to edges $A_i B_i, A_i C_i, A_i D_i$ ($i=1,2,3$) respectively. Suppose that all nine planes $\alpha _i,\beta _i,\gamma _i$ ($i=1,2,3$) meet at a point $E$, and points $A_1,A_2,A_3$ lie on line $l$. Determine the intersection (shape and position) of the circumscribed spheres of the three tetrahedrons.

1989 CMO problem 4
Given a triangle $ABC$, points $D,E,F$ lie on sides $BC,CA,AB$ respectively. Moreover, the radii of incircles of $\triangle AEF, \triangle BFD, \triangle CDE$ are equal to $r$. Denote by $r_0$ and $R$ the radii of incircles of $\triangle DEF$ and $\triangle ABC$ respectively. Prove that $r+r_0=R$.

1990 CMO problem 1
Given a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$, side $AB$ is not parallel to side $CD$. The circle $O_1$ passing through $A$ and $B$ is tangent to side $CD$ at $P$. The circle $O_2$ passing through $C$ and $D$ is tangent to side $AB$ at $Q$. Circle $O_1$ and circle $O_2$ meet at $E$ and $F$. Prove that $EF$ bisects segment $PQ$ if and only if $BC\parallel AD$.

1991 CMO problem 1
We are given a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ in the plane.
i) If there exists a point $P$ in the plane such that the areas of $\triangle ABP, \triangle BCP, \triangle CDP, \triangle DAP$ are equal, what condition must be satisfied by the quadrilateral $ABCD$?
ii) Find (with proof) the maximum possible number of such point $P$ which satisfies the condition in ( i ).

1992 CMO problem 4

A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is inscribed in a circle with center $O$. The diagonals $AC$, $BD$ of $ABCD$ meet at $P$. Circumcircles of $\triangle ABP$ and $\triangle CDP$ meet at $P$ and $Q$ ($O,P,Q$ are pairwise distinct). Show that $\angle OQP=90^{\circ}$.

1993 CMO problem 3
Let $K, K_1$ be two circles with the same center and their radii equal to $R$ and $R_1 (R_1>R)$ respectively. Quadrilateral $ABCD$ is inscribed in circle $K$. Quadrilateral $A_1B_1C_1D_1$ is inscribed in circle $K_1$ where $A_1,B_1,C_1,D_1$ lie on rays $CD,DA,AB,BC$ respectively. Show that $\dfrac{S_{A_1B_1C_1D_1}}{S_{ABCD}}\ge \dfrac{R^2_1}{R^2}$.

1994 CMO problem 1
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid with $AB\parallel CD$. Points $E,F$ lie on segments $AB,CD$ respectively. Segments $CE,BF$ meet at $H$, and segments $ED,AF$ meet at $G$. Show that $S_{EHFG}\le \dfrac{1}{4}S_{ABCD}$. Determine, with proof, if the conclusion still holds when $ABCD$ is just any convex quadrilateral.

1995 CMO problem 4
Given four spheres with their radii equal to $2,2,3,3$ respectively, each sphere externally touches the other spheres. Suppose that there is another sphere that is externally tangent to all those four spheres, determine the radius of this sphere.

1996 CMO problem 1
Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be a triangle with orthocentre $H$. The tangent lines from $A$ to the circle with diameter $BC$ touch this circle at $P$ and $Q$. Prove that $H,P$ and $Q$ are collinear.

1996 CMO problem 6
In the triangle $ABC$, $\angle{C}=90^{\circ},\angle {A}=30^{\circ}$ and $BC=1$. Find the minimum value of the longest side of all inscribed triangles (i.e. triangles with vertices on each of three sides) of the triangle $ABC$.

1997 CMO problem 2
Let $A_1B_1C_1D_1$ be an arbitrary convex quadrilateral. $P$ is a point inside the quadrilateral such that each angle enclosed by one edge and one ray which starts at one vertex on that edge and passes through point $P$ is acute. We recursively define points $A_k,B_k,C_k,D_k$ symmetric to $P$ with respect to lines $A_{k-1}B_{k-1}, B_{k-1}C_{k-1}, C_{k-1}D_{k-1},D_{k-1}A_{k-1}$ respectively for $k\ge 2$.
Consider the sequence of quadrilaterals $A_iB_iC_iD_i$.
i) Among the first 12 quadrilaterals, which are similar to the 1997th quadrilateral and which are not?
ii) Suppose the 1997th quadrilateral is cyclic. Among the first 12 quadrilaterals, which are cyclic and which are not?

1997 CMO problem 4
Consider a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$. The extensions of its sides $AB,DC$ meet at the point $P$ and the extensions of its sides $AD,BC$ meet at the point $Q$. Suppose $\quad QE,QF$ are tangents to the circumcircle of quadrilateral $ABCD$ at $E,F$ respectively. Show that $P,E,F$ are collinear.

1998 CMO problem 1
Let $ABC$ be a non-obtuse triangle satisfying $AB>AC$ and $\angle B=45^{\circ}$. The circumcentre $O$ and incentre $I$ of  triangle $ABC$ are such that $\sqrt{2}\ OI=AB-AC$. Find the value of $\sin A$.

1998 CMO problem 5
Let $D$ be a point inside acute triangle $ABC$ satisfying the condition
$DA\cdot DB\cdot AB+DB\cdot DC\cdot BC+DC\cdot DA\cdot CA=AB\cdot BC\cdot CA.$
Determine (with proof) the geometric position of point $D$.

1999 CMO problem 1
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $\angle C>\angle B$. Let $D$ be a point on $BC$ such that $\angle ADB$ is obtuse, and let $H$ be the orthocentre of triangle $ABD$. Suppose that $F$ is a point inside triangle $ABC$ that is on the circumcircle of triangle $ABD$. Prove that $F$ is the orthocenter of triangle $ABC$ if and only if $HD||CF$ and $H$ is on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$

2000 CMO problem 1
The sides $a,b,c$ of triangle $ABC$ satisfy $a\le b\le c$. The circumradius and inradius of triangle $ABC$ are $R$ and $r$ respectively. Let $f=a+b-2R-2r$. Determine the sign of $f$ by the measure of angle $C$.

2001 CMO problem 1
Let $a$ be real number with $\sqrt{2}<a<2$, and let $ABCD$ be a convex cyclic quadrilateral whose circumcentre $O$ lies in its interior. The quadrilateral's circumcircle $\omega$ has radius $1$, and the longest and shortest sides of the quadrilateral have length $a$ and $\sqrt{4-a^2}$, respectively. Lines $L_A,L_B,L_C,L_D$ are tangent to $\omega$ at $A,B,C,D$, respectively.
Let lines $L_A$ and $L_B$, $L_B$ and $L_C$,$L_C$ and $L_D$,$L_D$ and $L_A$ intersect at $A',B',C',D'$ respectively. Determine the minimum value of $\frac{S_{A'B'C'D'}}{S_{ABCD}}$.

2002 CMO problem 1
The edges of triangle $ABC$ are $a,b,c$ respectively,$b<c$,$AD$ is the bisector of $\angle A$,point $D$ is on segment $BC$.
i) find the property $\angle A$,$\angle B$,$\angle C$ have,so that there exists point $E,F$ on $AB,AC$ satisfy $BE=CF$,and $\angle NDE=\angle CDF$
ii) when such $E,F$ exist,express $BE$ with $a,b,c$

2002 CMO problem 4
For every four points $P_{1},P_{2},P_{3},P_{4}$ on the plane, find the minimum value of $\frac{\sum_{1\le\ i<j\le\ 4}P_{i}P_{j}}{\min_{1\le\ i<j\le\ 4}(P_{i}P_{j})}$.

2003 CMO problem 1
Let $I$ and $H$ be the incentre and orthocentre of triangle $ABC$ respectively. Let $P,Q$ be the midpoints of $AB,AC$. The rays $PI,QI$ intersect $AC,AB$ at $R,S$ respectively. Suppose that $T$ is the circumcentre of triangle $BHC$. Let $RS$ intersect $BC$ at $K$. Prove that $A,I$ and $T$ are collinear if and only if $[BKS]=[CKR]$.

by Shen Wunxuan 

2004 CMO problem 1

Let $EFGH,ABCD$ and $E_1F_1G_1H_1$ be three convex quadrilaterals satisfying:
i) The points $E,F,G$ and $H$ lie on the sides $AB,BC,CD$ and $DA$ respectively, and $\frac{AE}{EB}\cdot\frac{BF}{FC}\cdot \frac{CG}{GD}\cdot \frac{DH}{HA}=1$;
ii) The points $A,B,C$ and $D$ lie on sides $H_1E_1,E_1F_1,F_1,G_1$ and $G_1H_1$ respectively, and $E_1F_1||EF,F_1G_1||FG,G_1H_1||GH,H_1E_1||HE$.
Suppose that $\frac{E_1A}{AH_1}=\lambda$. Find an expression for $\frac{F_1C}{CG_1}$ in terms of $\lambda$.

by Xiong Bin

2005 CMO problem 2

A circle meets the three sides $BC,CA,AB$ of a triangle $ABC$ at points $D_1,D_2;E_1,E_2; F_1,F_2$ respectively. Furthermore, line segments $D_1E_1$ and $D_2F_2$ intersect at point $L$, line segments $E_1F_1$ and $E_2D_2$ intersect at point $M$, line segments $F_1D_1$ and $F_2E_2$ intersect at point $N$. Prove that the lines $AL,BM,CN$ are concurrent.

2006 CMO problem 4

In a right angled-triangle $ABC$, $\angle{ACB} = 90^o$. Its incircle $O$ meets $BC$, $AC$, $AB$ at $D$,$E$,$F$ respectively. $AD$ cuts $O$ at $P$. If $\angle{BPC} = 90^o$, prove $AE + AP = PD$.

2007 CMO problem 4

Let $O, I$ be the circumcenter and incenter of triangle $ABC$. The incircle of $\triangle ABC$ touches $BC, CA, AB$ at points $D, E, F$ repsectively. $FD$ meets $CA$ at $P$, $ED$ meets $AB$ at $Q$. $M$ and $N$ are midpoints of $PE$ and $QF$ respectively. Show that $OI \perp MN$.

2008 CMO problem 1
Suppose $\triangle ABC$ is scalene. $O$ is the circumcenter and $A'$ is a point on the extension of segment $AO$ such that $\angle BA'A = \angle CA'A$. Let point $A_1$ and $A_2$ be foot of perpendicular from $A'$ onto $AB$ and $AC$. $H_{A}$ is the foot of perpendicular from $A$ onto $BC$. Denote $R_{A}$ to be the radius of circumcircle of $\triangle H_{A}A_1A_2$. Similiarly we can define $R_{B}$ and $R_{C}$. Show that: $\frac{1}{R_{A}} + \frac{1}{R_{B}} + \frac{1}{R_{C}} = \frac{2}{R}$, where R is the radius of circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$.

2009 CMO problem 1
Given an acute triangle $PBC$ with $PB\neq PC.$ Points $A,D$ lie on $PB,PC,$ respectively. $AC$ intersects $BD$ at point $O.$ Let $E,F$ be the feet of perpendiculars from $O$ to $AB,CD,$ respectively. Denote by $M,N$  the midpoints of $BC,AD.$
a) If four points $A,B,C,D$ lie on one circle, then $EM\cdot FN = EN\cdot FM.$
b) Determine whether the converse of $(1)$ is true or not, justify your answer

2010 CMO problem 1
Two circles $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ meet at $A$ and $B$. A line through $B$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $C$ and $D$ repsectively. Another line through $B$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $E$ and $F$ repsectively. Line $CF$ meets $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ again at $P$ and $Q$ respectively. $M$ and $N$ are midpoints of arc $PB$ and arc $QB$ repsectively. Show that if $CD = EF$, then $C,F,M,N$ are concyclic.

2011 CMO problem 2

On the circumcircle of the acute triangle $ABC$, $D$ is the midpoint of $\stackrel{\frown}{BC}$. Let $X$ be a point on $\stackrel{\frown}{BD}$, $E$ the midpoint of $\stackrel{\frown}{AX}$, and let $S$ lie on $\stackrel{\frown}{AC}$. The lines $SD$ and $BC$ have intersection $R$, and the lines $SE$ and $AX$ have intersection $T$. If $RT \parallel DE$, prove that the incenter of the triangle $ABC$ is on the line $RT.$

2012 CMO problem 1

In the triangle $ABC$, $\angle A$ is biggest. On the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$, let $D$ be the midpoint of $\widehat{ABC}$ and $E$ be the midpoint of $\widehat{ACB}$. The circle $c_1$ passes through $A,B$ and is tangent to $AC$ at $A$, the circle $c_2$ passes through $A,E$ and is tangent $AD$ at $A$. $c_1$ and $c_2$ intersect at $A$ and $P$. Prove that $AP$ bisects $\angle BAC$.

2013 CMO problem 1
Two circles $K_1$ and $K_2$ of different radii intersect at two points $A$ and $B$, let $C$ and $D$ be two points on $K_1$ and $K_2$, respectively, such that $A$ is the midpoint of the segment $CD$. The extension of $DB$ meets $K_1$ at another point $E$, the extension of $CB$ meets $K_2$ at another point $F$. Let $l_1$ and $l_2$ be the perpendicular bisectors of $CD$ and $EF$, respectively.
i) Show that $l_1$ and $l_2$ have a unique common point (denoted by $P$).
ii) Prove that the lengths of $CA$, $AP$ and $PE$ are the side lengths of a right triangle.

2014 CMO problem 1

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB>AC$. Let $D$ be the foot of the internal angle bisector of $A$. Points $F$ and $E$ are on $AC,AB$ respectively such that $B,C,F,E$ are concyclic. Prove that the circumcentre of $DEF$ is the incentre of $ABC$ if and only if $BE+CF=BC$

2015 CMO problem 2
Let $A, B, D, E, F, C$ be six points lie on a circle (in order) satisfy $AB=AC$ . Let $P=AD \cap BE, R=AF \cap CE, Q=BF \cap CD, S=AD \cap BF, T=AF \cap CD$ . Let $K$ be a point lie on $ST$ satisfy $\angle QKS=\angle ECA$ .  Prove that $\frac{SK}{KT}=\frac{PQ}{QR}$

2016 CMO problem 2

In $\triangle AEF$, let $B$ and $D$ be on segments $AE$ and $AF$ respectively, and let $ED$ and $FB$ intersect at $C$. Define $K,L,M,N$ on segments $AB,BC,CD,DA$ such that $\frac{AK}{KB}=\frac{AD}{BC}$ and its cyclic equivalents. Let the incircle of $\triangle AEF$ touch $AE,AF$ at $S,T$ respectively; let the incircle of $\triangle CEF$ touch $CE,CF$ at $U,V$ respectively. Prove that $K,L,M,N$ concyclic implies $S,T,U,V$ concyclic.

2017 CMO problem 2

In acute triangle $ABC$, let $\odot O$ be its circumcircle, $\odot I$ be its incircle. Tangents at $B,C$ to $\odot O$ meet at $L$, $\odot I$ touches $BC$ at $D$. $AY$ is perpendicular to $BC$ at $Y$, $AO$ meets $BC$ at $X$, and $OI$ meets $\odot O$ at $P,Q$. Prove that $P,Q,X,Y$ are concyclic if and only if $A,D,L$ are collinear. 

2018 CMO problem 4

$ABCD$ is a cyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at $P$. The circumcircle of $\triangle APD$ meets segment $AB$ at points $A$ and $E$. The circumcircle of $\triangle BPC$ meets segment $AB$ at points $B$ and $F$. Let $I$ and $J$ be the incenters of $\triangle ADE$ and $\triangle BCF$, respectively. Segments $IJ$ and $AC$ meet at $K$. Prove that the points $A,I,K,E$ are cyclic.

2019 CMO problem 3
Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC$($AB<AC$), and $D$ be a point on the internal angle bisector of $\angle BAC$. Point $E$ lies on $BC$, satisfying $OE\parallel AD$, $DE\perp BC$. Point $K$ lies on $EB$ extended such that $EK=EA$. The circumcircle of $\triangle ADK$ meets $BC$ at $P\neq K$, and meets the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ at $Q\neq A$. Prove that $PQ$ is tangent to the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$.

2019 CMO problem 4
Given an ellipse that is not a circle.
(1) Prove that the rhombus tangent to the ellipse at all four of its sides with minimum area is unique.
(2) Construct this rhombus using a compass and a straight edge.

2020 CMO problem 2
In triangle $ABC$, $AB>AC.$ The bisector of $\angle BAC$ meets $BC$ at $D.$ $P$ is on line $DA,$ such that $A$ lies between $P$ and $D$. $PQ$ is tangent to $\odot(ABD)$ at $Q.$ $PR$ is tangent to $\odot(ACD)$ at $R.$ $CQ$ meets $BR$ at $K.$ The line parallel to $BC$ and passing through $K$ meets $QD,AD,RD$ at $E,L,F,$ respectively. Prove that $EL=KF.$

2021 CMO problem 4

In acute triangle $ABC (AB>AC)$, $M$ is the midpoint of minor arc $BC$, $O$ is the circumcenter of $(ABC)$ and $AK$ is its diameter. The line parallel to $AM$ through $O$ meets segment $AB$ at $D$, and $CA$ extended at $E$. Lines $BM$ and $CK$ meet at $P$, lines $BK$ and $CM$ meet at $Q$. Prove that $\angle OPB+\angle OEB =\angle OQC+\angle ODC$.

2022 CMO problem 1

Let $a$ and $b$ be two positive real numbers, and $AB$ a segment of length $a$ on a plane. Let

$C,D$ be two variable points on the plane such that $ABCD$ is a non-degenerate convex quadrilateral

with $BC=CD=b$ and $DA=a$. It is easy to see that there is a circle tangent to all four sides of the

quadrilateral $ABCD$.Find the precise locus of the point $I$. 2022 CMO problem 5

On a blank piece of paper, two points with distance $1$ is given. Prove that one can use (only)

straightedge and compass to construct on this paper a straight line, and two points on it whose distance

is $\sqrt{2021}$ such that, in the process of constructing it, the total number of circles or straight lines

drawn is at most $10.$ Remark: Explicit steps of the construction should be given. Label the circles and straight lines in the

order that they appear. Partial credit may be awarded depending on the total number of circles/lines