MR

Mathematical Reflections

Here are gonna be collected all the Euclidean Geometry problems (with or without aops links), geometry articles and the problems with solutions from the online magazine ''Mathematical Reflections''.

Geometry problems with aops links
(2006 issues only)

collected inside aops here:

Junior, Senior, Olympiad, Undergraduate

                                                                       Junior level                        

[under construction]

J6 Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral such that the sides $BC$ and $CD$ have equal lengths and $2\angle A+\angle C = 180^o$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of the line segment $BD$. Prove that $\angle MAD = \angle  BAC$

by Dinu Serbanescu, ”Sf. Sava” National College, Romania

J11 Consider an arbitrary parallelogram $ABCD$ with center $O$ and let $P$ be a point different from $O$, that satisfies $PA \cdot PC = OA \cdot OC$ and $PB \cdot PD = OB\cdot OD$. Show that the sum of lengths of two of the segments $PA, PB, PC, PD$ equals the sum of lengths of the other two.

by Iurie Boreico, student, Chisinau, Moldova

J16 Consider a scalene triangle $ABC$ and let $X \in (AB)$ and $Y \in  (AC)$ be two variable points such that $(BX) = (CY)$. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $AXY$ passes through a fixed point (different from $A$).

by Liubomir Chiriac, student, Chișinău, Moldova

J23 Let $ABCDEF$ be a hexagon with parallel opposite sides, and let $FC\cap AB = X_1, FC\cap ED = X_2, AD\cap EF = Y_1, AD\cap BC = Y_2,  BE\cap CD = Z_1, BE\cap AF = Z_2$. Prove that if $X_1, Y_1,Z_1$ are collinear then $X_2, Y_2,Z_2$ are also collinear and in this case the lines $X_1Y_1Z_1$ and $X_2Y_2Z_2$ are parallel.

by Santiago Cuellar

J27 Consider points $M,N$ inside the triangle $ABC$ such that $\angle BAM = \angle CAN,\angle MCA = \angle NCB,$ $\angle MBC = \angle CBN$. $M$ and $N$ are isogonal points. Suppose $BMNC$ is a cyclic quadrilateral. Denote $T$ the circumcenter of $BMNC$, prove that $MN \perp AT$.

by Ivan Borsenco, University of Texas at Dallas

J34 Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $I$ be its incenter. Prove that at least one of $ IA, IB, IC$ is greater than or equal to the diameter of the incircle of $ABC$.

by Magkos Athanasios, Kozani, Greece

Senior level

                                                                    [under construction]

S2  Circles with radii $r_1, r_2, r_3$ are externally tangent to each other. Two other circles, with radii $R$ and $r$, are tangent to all previous circles. Prove that: $Rr \ge \frac{r_1r_2r_3}{r_1 + r_2 + r_3}$

by Ivan Borsenco, University of Texas at Dallas

S8 Let $O, I$, and $r$ be the circumcenter, incenter, and inradius of a triangle $ABC$. Let $M$ be a point inside the triangle; and let $d_1,d_2, d_3,$ be the distances from $M$ to the sides $BC,AC,AB$. Prove that if $d_1\cdot d_2 \cdot d_3 \ge  r^3$, then $M$ lies inside the circle with center $O$ and radius $OI$.

by Ivan Borsenco, student, Chisinau, Moldova

S15 Consider a scalene triangle $ABC$ and let $X \in AB$ and $Y \in AC$ be two variable points such that $BX = CY$ . If $\{Z\} = BY \cap CX$ and the circumcircles of $\triangle AY B$ and $\triangle AXC$ meet each other at $A$ and $K$, prove that the reflection of $K$ across the midpoint of $AZ$ belongs to a fixed line.

by Liubomir Chiriac, student, Chișinău, Moldova

S16 Let $M_1$ be a point inside triangle $ABC$ and let $M_2$ be its isogonal conjugate. Let $R$ and $r$ denote the circumradius and the inradius of the triangle. Prove that $4R^2r^2 \ge (R^2 - OM_1^2) (R^2 - OM_2^2) $

by Ivan Borsenco, student, Chișinău, Moldova

S19 Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle. A point $P$ is called nice if $AD,BE,CF$ are concurrent, where $D,E, F$ are the projections of $P$ onto $BC, CA, AB$, respectively. Find the number of nice points that lie on the line $OI$.

by Iurie Boreico, Moldova and Ivan Borsenco, University of Texas at Dallas

S24 Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle inscribed in a circle $C$. Consider all equilateral triangles $DEF$ with vertices on $C$. The Simpson lines of $D,E, F$ with respect to the triangle $ABC$ form a triangle $T$ . Find the greatest possible area of this triangle.

by Iurie Boreico, Moldova and Ivan Borsenco, University of Texas at Dallas

S26 Consider a triangle $ABC$ and let $I_a$ be the center of the circle that touches the side $BC$ at $A' $ and the extensions of sides $AB$ and $AC$ at $C'$  and $B'$ , respectively. Denote by $X$ the second intersections of the line $A' B'$  with the circle with center $B$ and radius $BA'$  and by $K$ the midpoint of $CX$. Prove that $K$ lies on the midline of the triangle $ABC$ corresponding to $AC$.

by Liubomir Chiriac, Princeton University

S28  Let $M$ be a point in the plane of triangle $ABC$. Find the minimum of $MA^3 +MB^3 +MC^3- \frac{3}{ 2}R \cdot MH^2$, where $H$ is the orthocenter and $R$ is the circumradius of the triangle $ABC$.

by Hung Quang Tran, Hanoi, Vietnam

S31 Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $P, Q,R$ be three points lying inside $ABC$. Suppose quadrilaterals $ABPQ, ACPR, BCQR$ are concyclic. Prove that if the radical center of these circles is the incenter $I$ of triangle $ABC$, then the Euler line of the triangle $PQR$ coincides with $OI$, where $O$ is the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$.

by Ivan Borsenco, University of Texas at Dallas

S34 Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle and let $P$ be a point on its circumcircle. Find all positive integers n such that $PA^n + PB^n + PC^n$ does not depend upon $P$.

by Oleg Mushkarov, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia

S36 Let $P$ be a point in the plane of a triangle $ABC$, not lying on the lines $AB,BC$, or $CA$. Denote by $A_b,A_c$ the intersections of the parallels through $A$ to the lines $PB, PC$ with the line $BC$. Define analogously $B_a,B_c,C_a,C_b$. Prove that $A_b,A_c,B_a,B_c,C_a,C_b$ lie on the same conic.

by Mihai Miculita, Oradea, Romania

Olympiad level 
[under construction]

O1 A circle centered at $O$ is tangent to all sides of the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$. The rays $BA$ and $CD$ intersect at $K$, the rays $AD$ and $BC$ intersect at $L$. The points $X, Y$ are considered on the line segments $OA,OC$, respectively. Prove that $\angle XKY = \frac{1}{2} \angle AKC$ if and only if $\angle XLY = \frac{1}{2} \angle ALC$.

by Pavlo Pylyavskyy, MIT

O4  Let $AB$ be a diameter of the circle $\Gamma$ and let $C$ be a point on the circle, different from $A$ and $B$. Denote by $D$ the projection of $C$ on $AB$ and let $\omega$ be a circle tangent to $AD, CD$, and $\Gamma$, touching $\Gamma$ at $X$. Prove that the angle bisectors of $\angle AXB$ and $\angle ACD$ meet on $AB$.

by Liubomir Chiriac, Princeton

O7 In the convex hexagon $ABCDEF$ the following equalities hold:
$AD = BC + EF, BE = AF + CD, CF = AB + DE$ .
Prove that $\frac{AB}{DE}=\frac{CD}{AF}=\frac{EF}{BC}$.

by Nairi Sedrakyan, Armenia

O13 Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $P$ be an arbitrary point inside the triangle. Let $A',B',C'$, respectively, be the intersections of $AP, BP$, and $CP$ with the triangle’s sides. Through $P$ we draw a line perpendicular to $PA$ that intersects $BC$ at $A_1$. We define $B_1$ and $C_1$ analogously. Let $P'$ be the isogonal conjugate of the point $P$ with respect to triangle $A'B'C'$. Show that $A_1,B_1$, and $C_1$ lie on a line $\ell$ that is perpendicular to $PP'$.

by Khoa Lu Nguyen, Sam Houston High School, Houston, Texas.

O16 Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle. Let $\omega$ be the center of the nine point circle and let $G$ be its centroid. Let $A',B',C',A'',B'',C''$ be the projections of $\omega$  and $G$ on the corresponding sides. Prove that the perimeter of $A''B''C''$ is not less than the perimeter of $A'B'C'$.

by Iurie Boreico, student, Chișinău, Moldova

O20 The incircle of triangle $ABC$ touches $AC$ at $E$ and $BC$ at $D$. The excircle corresponding to $A $ touches the side $BC$ at $A_1$ and the extensions of $AB, AC$ at $C_1$ and $B_1$, respectively. Let $DE \cap A_1B_1 = L$. Prove that $L$ lies on the circumcircle of triangle $ A_1BC_1$.

Liubomir Chiriac, Princeton University

O22 Consider a triangle $ABC$ and points $P,Q$ in its plane. Let $A_1,B_1,C_1$ and $A_2,B_2,C_2$ be cevians in this triangle. Denote by $U, V,W$ the second intersections of circles $(AA_1A_2), (BB_1B_2), (CC_1C_2)$ with circle $(ABC)$, respectively. Let $X$ be the point of intersection of $AU$ with $BC$. Similarly define $Y$ and $Z$. Prove that $X, Y,Z$ are collinear.

Khoa Lu Nguyen, M.I.T and Ivan Borsenco, University of Texas at Dallas

O23 Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $A_1,B_1,C_1$ be the points where the angle bisectors of $A,B$ and $C$ meet the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$, respectively. Let $M_a$ be the midpoint of the segment connecting the intersections of segments $A_1B_1$ and $A_1C_1$ with segment $BC$. Define $M_b$ and $M_c$ analogously. Prove that $AM_a,BM_b$, and $CM_c$ are concurrent if and only if $ABC$ is isosceles.

by Dr. Zuming Feng, Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire

O26 Consider a triangle $ABC$ and let $O$ be its circumcenter. Denote by $D$ the foot of the altitude from $A$ and by $E$ the intersection of $AO$ and $BC$.  Suppose tangents to the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ at $B$ and $C$ intersect at $T$ and that $AT$ intersects this circumcircle at $F$. Prove that the circumcircles of triangles $DEF$ and $ABC$ are tangent.

by Ivan Borsenco, University of Texas at Dallas

O33 Let $ABC$ be a triangle with cicrumcenter $O$ and incenter $I$.  Consider a point $M$ lying on the small arc $BC$. Prove that $AM + 2OI \ge  MB +MC \ge  MA - 2OI$

by Hung Quang Tran, Ha Noi University, Vietnam

Undergraduate Level

[2006-2019 under construction]

U47 Let $P$ be arbitrary point inside equilateral triangle $ABC$. Find the minimum value of
$\frac{1}{PA} + \frac{1}{PB} + \frac{1}{PC}$

by Hung Quang Tran, Ha Noi National University, Vietnam

U68 In the plane consider two lines $d_1$ and $d_2$ and let $B,C \in d_1$ and $A \in d_2$. Denote by $M$ the midpoint of $BC$ and by $A'$ the orthogonal projection of $A$ onto $d_1$. Let $P$ be a point on $d_2$ such that $T = PM \cap AA'$ lies in the halfplane bounded by $d_1$ and containing $A$. Prove that there is a point $Q$ on segment $AP$ such that the angle bisector of the angle $BQC$ passes through $T$.

by Nicolae Nica and Cristina Nica, Romania

U94 Let $\Delta$ be the plane domain consisting of all interior and boundary points of a rectangle $ABCD$, whose sides have lengths $a$ and $b$. Define $f : \Delta \to  R$, $f(P) = PA + PB + PC + PD$. Find the range of $f$.

by Mircea Becheanu, University of Bucharest, Romania

U123 Let $C_1,C_2,C_3$ be concentric circles with radii $1, 2, 3$,  respectively. Consider a triangle ABC with $A \in C_1, B \in C_2, C \in C_3$. Prove that $max  K_{ABC} < 5$, where $max  K_{ABC}$ denotes the greatest possible area of triangle ABC.

by Roberto Bosch Cabrera, Havana, Cuba

U237 Let $H$ be a hyperbola with foci $A$ and $B$ and center $O$. Let $P$ be an arbitrary point on $H$ and let the tangent of $H$ through $P$ cut its asymptotes at $M$ and $N$ Prove that $PA + PB = OM + ON$

by Luis Gonzalez, Maracaibo, Venezuela

U239 Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $P$ be a point in its plane, not lying on the circumcircle $\Gamma$ of triangle $ABC$. Let $AP, BP, CP$ intersect $\Gamma$  again at points $X, Y , Z$, respectively. Let the tangents from $X$ to the incircle of $ABC$ meet $BC$ at $A_1$ and $A_2$, similarly, defi ne $B_1, B_2$ and $C_1, C_2$. Prove that points $A_1, A_2, B_1, B_2, C_1, C_2$ lie on a conic.

by Cosmin Pohoata, Princeton University, USA

U299 Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incircle $\omega$ and let $A', B', C'$ be points outside $\omega$. Tangents from $A'$ to $\omega$ intersect $BC$ at $A_1$ and $A_2$. Points $B_1,B_2$ and $C_1,C_2$ are de ned similarly. Prove that $A_1,A_2,B_1,B_2,C_1,C_2$ lie on a conic if and only if triangle $ABC$ and $A'B'C'$ are perspective.

by Luis Gonzalez, Maracaibo, Venezuela

U310 Let $E$ be an ellipse with foci $F$ and $G$, and let $P$ be a point in its exterior. Let $A$ and $B$ be the points where the tangents from $P$ to $E$ intersect $E$, such that $A$ is closer to $F$. Furthermore, let $X$ be the intersection of $AG$ with $BF$. Prove that $XP$ bisects $\angle AXB$.

by Jishnu Bose, Calcutta, India

U325 Let A1B1C1 be a triangle with circumradius R1. For each n \ge 1, the incircle of triangle AnBnCn is tangent to its sides at points An+1, Bn+1, Cn+1. The circumradius of triangle An+1Bn+1Cn+1, which is also the inradius of triangle AnBnCn is Rn+1. Find lim_n \to +\infty \frac{R_{n+1}}{R_n}.

by Ivan Borsenco, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

U386 Given a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$, denote by $S_A, S_B, S_C, S_D$ the area of triangles $BCD, CDA,DAB,ABC$, respectively. Determine the point $P$ in the plane of the quadrilateral such that $S_A \cdot \overrightarrow{PA} + S_B\cdot \overrightarrow{PB} + S_C\cdot \overrightarrow{PC} + S_D\cdot \overrightarrow{PD} = 0$

by Dorin Andrica, Babes,-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România

U413 Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $a,b,c$ be the lengths of sides $BC, CA, AB$, respectively. The tangency points of the incircle with sides $BC, CA, AB$ are denoted by $A', B', C'$.
(a) Prove that the segments of lengths $AA' sinA, BB' sinB, CC' sinC$ are the sides of a triangle.
(b) If $A_1B_1C_1$ is such a triangle, compute in terms of $a, b, c$ the ratio $K_{A_1B_1C_1}/ K_{ABC}$

by Dorin Andrica, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România

Geometry Articles  2006-2023

1. A Characterization of the Parallelogram, by Paris Pamfilos 2016.3
2. A Fine Use of Transformations, by Rithvik Pasumarty 2016.4
3. A Forgotten Coaxality Lemma, by Stanisor Stefan Dan 2015.5
4. A Generalization of the Napoleon’s Theorem, by Khakimboy Egamberganov 2017.3
5. A Metric Relation and its Applications, by Son Hong Ta 2008.2
6. A minimum problem, by Laurentiu Panaitopol 2006.6
7. A New Approach to the Interior Goat and Bird Problems by C. S. Jog 2022.2
8. A new proof for Napoleon's Theorem, by Alex Anderson  2007.3
9. A Note on Power of a Point, by Michal Rolinek & Josef Tkadlec 2010.5
10. A Nice Theorem on Mixtilinear Incircles, by Khakimboy Egamberganov 2016.4
11. A Note on the Malfatti Problem, by Titu Andreescu & Oleg Mushkarov 2006.4
12. A Short Proof of Lamoen's Generalization of the Droz-Farny Line Theorem, by Cosmin Pohoata & Son Hong Ta 2011
13. A Special Point on the Median, by Anant Mudgal & Gunmay Handa 2017.2
14. A Tetrahedron Whose Faces Have Equal Area Is “Equifacial” by Titu Andreescu and Marian Tetiva  2021.1
15. A Triangle Ratio Theorem and its Generalization to Higher Dimensions by Hari Rajesh 2023.3
16. A Way to Prove a Geometric Inequality R $\ge$ 3r, by Nguyen Tien Lam 2009.1
17. An Interesting Generator of Parabolic Systems of Coaxial Circles Using Apollonius’ Problem by Tran Quang Hung and Truong Tuan Nghia 2022.6
18. All About Excircles!, by Prasanna Ramakrishnan 2014.6
19. Angle Inequalities in Tetrahedra, by Mark Chen 2008.6
20. Anti-Steiner Point Revisited by Nguyen Duc Toan 2020.6
21. Back to Euclidean Geometry: Droz-Farny Demystified, by Titu Andreescu & Cosmin Pohoata 2012.3
22. Concyclicities in Tucker-like Configurations, by Stefan Dominte & Tudor-Dimitrie Popescu 2016.1
23. Concurrency, Coliniarity, and Cyclicity using Homotheties by Dr. Suzy Manuela Prajea 2022.1
24. Distance Formula for a Point Inside a Triangle by Hayk Sedrakyan and Diya Gandhi 2023.6
25. Droz-Farny, an Inverse View, by Paris Pamfilos 2015.2
26. Equiangular polygons: An algebraic approach, by Titu  Andreescu & Bogdan Enescu 2006.1
27. Formulas for Diagonals of any Quadrilateral by Hayk Sedrakyan, Aidan Mozayeni 2022.4
28. Harmonic Division and its Applications, by Cosmin Pohoata 2007.4
29. Inequalities on Ratios of Radii of Tangent Circles, by Y.N. Aliyev 2015.5
30. From Baltic Way to Feuerbach - A Geometrical Excursion, by Darij Grinberg 2006.2
31. Hartcourt’s Theorem Via Salmon’s Lemma, by Luis Gonzalez and Cosmin Pohoata 2013.6
32. How to make a soccer ball, Euler's relation for polyhedra and planar graphs, by Bogdan Enescu 2013.4
33. Joining the Incenter and Orthocenter Configurations: Properties Associated with a Tangential Quadrilateral, by Andrew Wu 2019.3
34. Let's Talk About Symmedians! , by Sammy Luo and Cosmin Pohoata 2013.4
35. Midpoint of Symmedian Chord by Srijon Sarkar 2021.4
36. More on an Extension of Fagnano’s Problem by Nguyen Minh Ha 2022.1
37. Newton and Midpoints of Diagonals of Circumscriptible Quadrilaterals, by Titu  Andreescu, Luis Gonzalez & Cosmin Pohoata 2014.1
38. Newton’s Quadrilateral Theorem by Waldemar Pompe 2023.3
39. On a Mixtilinear Coaxality, by Cosmin Pohoata & Vladimir Zajic 2012.1
40. On a Special Center of Spiral Similarity, by Jafet Baca 2019.1
41. On a vector equality, by Nguyen Tien Lam 2008.6
42. On Casey's Inequality, by Tran Quang Hung 2011.2
43. On Distances In Regular Polygons, by N. Javier Buitrago A. 2010.5
44. On Fontene’s Theorems, by Marius Bocanu  2015.2
45. On Mixtilinear Incircles, by Jafet Baca 2020.2
46. On some geometric inequalities, by Tran Quang Hung 2008.3
47. On the area of a pedal triangle, by Ivan Borsenco 2007.2
48. On the extension of Carnot's Theorem, by Tran Quang Hung 2007.6
49. On the Maximum Area of a Triangle With the Fixed Distances From its Vertices to a Given Point , by Ivan Borsenco, Roberto Bosch Cabrera & Daniel Lasaosa 2014.2
50. On the Relationship Between Inversive Geometry and the Cardinalities of Infinite Sets by Akshaya Chakravarthy 2021.5
51. On vector properties of an equilateral triangle, by Tran Quang Hung 2007.2
52. Polar Duality in Olympiad Geometry, by Radek Olšák 2020.3
53. Projective plane, Extended Complex Plane by Nguyễn Minh Hà 2023.4
54. Ptolemy’s Sine Lemma, by Fedir Yudin and Nikita Skybytskyi 2019.6
55. Similar Quadrilaterals, by Guangqi Cui, Akshaj Kadaveru, Joshua Lee, Sagar Maheshwari 2014.5
56. Tangential Quadrilaterals and Cyclicity by Dr. Suzy Manuela Prajea 2021.6
57. The Apollonian Circles and Isodynamic Points, by Tarik Adnan Moon 2010.6
58. The Monge-D’Alembert Circle Theorem, by Cosmin Pohoata & Jan Vonk 2011.5
59. The Neuberg-Mineur circle, by Darij Grinberg 2012
60. The Symmedian Point and Poncelet’s Porism, by Luis Gonzales and Cosmin Pohoata 2012
61. Three Reflections by Waldemar Pompe 2022.2
62. Triangle BIC by Shuborno Das, Aditya Khurmi, Aatman Supkar, Arindam Bhattacharyya 2020.6
63. Triangle Bordered With Squares, by Catalin Barbu 2010.4
64. Triangles Homothetic with the Intouch Triangle, by Sava Grozdev, Hiroshi Okumura, & Deko Dekov 2018.2
65. Vectors Conquering Hexagons, by Iurie Boreico 2008.1

Problem Column 2006 -2023

2006: Problems & Solutions  problems 001-036

2007: Problems & Solutions  problems 037-072

2008: Problems & Solutions  problems 073-108

2009: Problems & Solutions  problems 109-144

2010: Problems & Solutions  problems 145-180

2011: Problems & Solutions  problems 181-216

2012: Problems & Solutions  problems 217-252

2013: Problems & Solutions  problems 253-288

2014: Problems & Solutions  problems 289-324

2015: Problems & Solutions  problems 325-360

2016: Problems & Solutions  problems 361-396

2017: Problems & Solutions  problems 397-432                                         

2018: Problems & Solutions  problems 433-468
2019: Problems & Solutions  problems 469-504
2020: Problems & Solutions  problems 505-540

2021: Problems & Solutions  problems 541-576

2022: Problems & Solutions problems 577-612

2023: Problems & Solutions problems 613-648

sources:

archive.org
reflections.awesomemath.org
www.awesomemath.org