Taiwan TST 2005, 2014-21 75p

geometry problems from Taiwanese Team Selection Tests (TST)

with aops links in the names 

(only those not in IMO Shortlist)

collected inside aops here

2005 - 2006 R1, 2013R1, 2014 - 2021

2005 Taiwan TST Round 1 Independent Study 1.1

Consider a circle $O_1$ with radius $R$ and a point $A$ outside the circle. It is known that $\angle BAC=60^\circ$, where $AB$ and $AC$ are tangent to $O_1$. We construct infinitely many circles $O_i$ $(i=1,2,\dots\>)$ such that for $i>1$, $O_i$ is tangent to $O_{i-1}$ and $O_{i+1}$, that they share the same tangent lines $AB$ and $AC$ with respect to $A$, and that none of the $O_i$ are larger than $O_1$. Find the total area of these circles.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 1 Independent Study 2.1

More than three quarters of the circumference of a circle is colored black. Prove that there exists a rectangle such that all of its vertices are black.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 1 Independent Study 3.2

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral. Is it possible to find a point $P$ such that the segments drawn between $P$ and the midpoints of the sides of $ABCD$ divide the quadrilateral into four sections of equal area? If $P$ exists, is it unique?

2005 Taiwan TST Round 1 Final Exam 2

$P$ is a point in the interior of $\triangle ABC$, and $\angle ABP = \angle PCB = 10^\circ$.

(a) If $\angle PBC = 10^\circ$ and $\angle ACP = 20^\circ$, what is the value of $\angle BAP$?

(b) If $\angle PBC = 20^\circ$ and $\angle ACP = 10^\circ$, what is the value of $\angle BAP$?

2005 Taiwan TST Round 1 Final Exam 5

Show that for any tetrahedron, the condition that opposite edges have the same length is equivalent to the condition that the segment drawn between the midpoints of any two opposite edges is perpendicular to the two edges.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 2 Independent Study 2.1

It is known that there exists a point $P$ within the interior of $\triangle ABC$ satisfying the following conditions:

(i) $\angle PAB \ge 30^\circ$ and $\angle APB \ge \angle PCB + 30^\circ$;

(ii) $BP \cdot BC=CP \cdot AB.$

Prove that $\angle BAC \ge 60^\circ$, and that equality holds only when $\triangle ABC$ is equilateral.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 2 Independent Study 3.2

A quadrilateral $PQRS$ has an inscribed circle, the points of tangencies with sides $PQ$, $QR$, $RS$, $SP$ being $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$, respectively. Let the midpoints of $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, $DA$ be $E$, $F$, $G$, $H$, respectively. Prove that the angle between segments $PR$ and $QS$ is equal to the angle between segments $EG$ and $FH$.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 2 Final Exam 2

In $\triangle ABC$, $AD$ is the bisector of $\angle A$, and $E$, $F$ are the feet of the perpendiculars from $D$ to $AC$ and $AB$, respectively. $H$ is the intersection of $BE$ and $CF$, and $G$, $I$ are the feet of the perpendiculars from $D$ to $BE$ and $CF$, respectively. Prove that both $AFEH$ and $AEIH$ are cyclic quadrilaterals.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 2 Final Exam 3

In the interior of an ellipse with major axis 2 and minor axis 1, there are more than 6 segments with total length larger than 15. Prove that there exists a line passing through all of the segments.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 3 Independent Study 1.1

Let $P$ be a point in the interior of $\triangle ABC$. The lengths of the sides of $\triangle ABC$ is $a,b,c$, and the distance from $P$ to the sides of $\triangle ABC$ is $p,q,r$. Show that the circumradius $R$ of $\triangle ABC$ satisfies $$\displaystyle R\le \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{18\sqrt[3]{pqr}}.$$ When does equality hold?

2005 Taiwan TST Round 3 Independent Study 2.2

It is known that $\triangle ABC$ is an acute triangle. Let $C'$ be the foott of the perpendicular from $C$ to $AB$, and $D$, $E$ two distinct points on $CC'$. The feet of the perpendiculars from $D$ to $AC$ and $BC$ are $F$ and $G$, respectively. Show that if $DGEF$ is a parallelogram then $ABC$ is isosceles.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 3 Independent Study 3.2

Given a triangle $ABC$, $A_1$ divides the length of the path $CAB$ into two equal parts, and define $B_1$ and $C_1$ analogously. Let $l_A$, $l_B$, $l_C$ be the lines passing through $A_1$, $B_1$ and $C_1$ and being parallel to the bisectors of $\angle A$, $\angle B$, and $\angle C$. Show that $l_A$, $l_B$, $l_C$ are concurrent.

2005 Taiwan TST Round 3 Final Exam 5

Given a triangle $ABC$, we construct a circle $\Gamma$ through $B,C$ with center $O$. $\Gamma$ intersects $AC, AB$ at points $D$, $E$, respectively($D$, $E$ are distinct from $B$ and $C$). Let the intersection of $BD$ and $CE$ be $F$. Extend $OF$ so that it intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ at $P$. Show that the incenters of triangles $PBD$ and $PCE$ coincide.

2006 Taiwan TST Round 1 Independent Study 1.1

Let the three sides of $\triangle ABC$ be $a,b,c$. Prove that

$\displaystyle \frac{\sin^2A}{a}+\frac{\sin^2B}{b}+\frac{\sin^2C}{c} \le \frac{S^2}{abc}$

where $\displaystyle S=\frac{a+b+c}{2}$. Find the case where equality holds.

2006 Taiwan TST Round 1 Independent Study 1.2

Let $P$ be a point on the plane. Three nonoverlapping equilateral triangles $PA_1A_2$, $PA_3A_4$, $PA_5A_6$ are constructed in a clockwise manner. The midpoints of $A_2A_3$, $A_4A_5$, $A_6A_1$ are $L$, $M$, $N$, respectively. Prove that triangle $LMN$ is equilateral.

2006 Taiwan TST Round 1 Final Exam 2

$ABCD$ is a cyclic quadrilateral. Lines $AB,CD$ intersect at $E$, lines $AD,BC$ intersect at $F$, and $EM$ and $FN$ are tangents to the circumcircle of $ABCD$. Two circles are constructed with $E,F$ their centers and $EM, FN$ their radii, respectively. $K$ is one of their intersections. Prove that $EK$ is perpendicular to $FK$.

2006 Taiwan TST Round 1 Final Exam 4

Circle $O$ is the incircle of the square $ABCD$. $O$ is tangent to $AB$ and $AD$ at $E$ and $F$, respectively. Let $K$ be a point on the minor arc $EF$, and let the tangent of $O$ at $K$ intersect $AB$, $AC$, $AD$ at $X$, $Y$, $Z$, respectively. Show that $\displaystyle \frac{AX}{XB} + \frac{AY}{YC} + \frac{AZ}{ZD} =1$.

2013 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 3.1

Let $\Delta ABC$ be a triangle with $AB=AC$ and $\angle A = \alpha$, and let $O,H$ be its circumcenter and orthocenter, respectively. If $P,Q$ are points on $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $APHQ$ forms a rhombus, determine $\angle POQ$ in terms of $\alpha$.

2014 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO 1

Let P be a point in an acute triangle $ABC$, and $d_A, d_B, d_C$ be the distance from P to vertices of the triangle respectively. If the distance from P to the three edges are $d_1, d_2, d_3$ respectively, prove that

$$d_A+d_B+d_C\geq 2(d_1+d_2+d_3)$$

2014 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 3.1
Let $O_1$, $O_2$ be two circles with radii $R_1$ and $R_2$, and suppose the circles meet at $A$ and $D$. Draw a line $L$ through $D$ intersecting $O_1$, $O_2$ at $B$ and $C$. Now allow the distance between the centers as well as the choice of $L$ to vary. Find the length of $AD$ when the area of $ABC$ is maximized.

2014 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO 3 
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incenter $I$, and suppose the incircle is tangent to $CA$ and $AB$ at $E$ and $F$. Denote by $G$ and $H$ the reflections of $E$ and $F$ over $I$. Let $Q$ be the intersection of $BC$ with $GH$, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Prove that $IQ$ and $IM$ are perpendicular.

2014 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO 4 
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and let $D$ be the foot of the $A$-bisector. Moreover, let $M$ be the midpoint of $AD$. The circle $\omega_1$ with diameter $AC$ meets $BM$ at  $E$, while the circle $\omega_2$ with diameter $AB$ meets $CM$ at $F$. Assume that $E$ and $F$ lie inside $ABC$. Prove that $B$, $E$, $F$, $C$ are concyclic.

2014 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 2.1
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incenter $I$ and circumcenter $O$. A straight line $L$ is parallel to $BC$ and tangent to the incircle. Suppose $L$ intersects $IO$ at $X$, and select $Y$ on $L$ such that $YI$ is perpendicular to $IO$. Prove that $A$, $X$, $O$, $Y$ are cyclic.

by Telv Cohl

Generalisation of 2014 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 2.1

Given a $\triangle ABC$ with incenter $I,$ circumcenter $O.$ Let $D$ be the projection of $I$ on $BC,$ $D^*$ be the reflection of $D$ in $I$ and $E, F$ be points on the tangent $\ell$ of $\odot (I)$ at $D^*.$ If $X, Y$ is the second intersection of $IE, IF$ with $\odot (AEF),$ respectively. Prove that $$\text{dist}(O, XY)=| \text{R} \cdot \cos \angle EIF |$$ where $\text{R}$ is the radius of $\odot (O).$     

by Telv Cohl 

2014 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P6
Let $P$ be a point inside triangle $ABC$, and suppose lines $AP$, $BP$, $CP$ meet the circumcircle again at $T$, $S$, $R$ (here $T \neq A$, $S \neq B$, $R \neq C$). Let $U$ be any point in the interior of $PT$. A line through $U$ parallel to $AB$ meets $CR$ at $W$, and the line through $U$ parallel to $AC$ meets $BS$ again at $V$. Finally, the line through $B$ parallel to $CP$ and the line through $C$ parallel to $BP$ intersect at point $Q$. Given that $RS$ and $VW$ are parallel, prove that $\angle CAP = \angle BAQ$.

2014 Taiwan TST Round 3 Quiz 2.1
In convex hexagon $ABCDEF$, $AB \parallel DE$, $BC \parallel EF$, $CD \parallel FA$, and $AB+DE = BC+EF = CD+FA.$ The midpoints of sides $AB$, $BC$, $DE$, $EF$ are $A_1$, $B_1$, $D_1$, $E_1$, and segments $A_1D_1$ and $B_1E_1$ meet at $O$. Prove that $\angle D_1OE_1 = \frac12 \angle DEF$.
     
2014 Taiwan TST Round 3  Mock IMO P3
Let $M$ be any point on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$. Suppose the tangents from $M$ to the incircle meet $BC$ at two points $X_1$ and $X_2$. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $MX_1X_2$ intersects the circumcircle of $ABC$ again at the tangency point of the $A$-mixtilinear incircle.
 
2015 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 2.2
Given any triangle $ABC.$ Let $O_1$ be it's circumcircle, $O_2$ be it's nine point circle, $O_3$ is a circle with orthocenter of $ABC$, $H$, and centroid $G$, be it's diameter. Prove that: $O_1,O_2,O_3$ share axis. (i.e. chose any two of them, their axis will be the same one, if $ABC$ is an obtuse triangle, the three circle share two points.)

2015 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 3.2
Given a triangle $ABC$, $A',B',C'$ are the midpoints of $\overline{BC},\overline{AC},\overline{AB}$, respectively. $B^*,C^*$ lie in $\overline{AC},\overline{AB}$, respectively, such that $\overline{BB^*},\overline{CC^*}$ are the altitudes of the triangle $ABC$. Let $B^{\#},C^{\#}$ be the midpoints of $\overline{BB^*},\overline{CC^*}$, respectively. $\overline{B'B^{\#}}$ and $\overline{C'C^{\#}}$ meet at $K$, and $\overline{AK}$ and $\overline{BC}$ meet at $L$. Prove that $\angle{BAL}=\angle{CAA'}$

2015 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO P4
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and let $AM$ meet the circumcircle of $ABC$ again at $R$. A line passing through $R$ and parallel to $BC$ meet the circumcircle of $ABC$ again at $S$. Let $U$ be the foot from $R$ to $BC$, and $T$ be the reflection of $U$ in $R$. $D$ lies in $BC$ such that $AD$ is an altitude. $N$ is the midpoint of $AD$. Finally let $AS$ and $MN$ meets at $K$. Prove that $AT$ bisector $MK$.

2015 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 1.2
Let $\omega$ be the incircle of triangle $ABC$ and $\omega$ touches $BC$ at $D$. $AD$ meets $\omega$ again at $L$. Let $K$ be $A$-excenter, and $M,N$ be the midpoint of $BC,KM$, respectively. Prove that $B,C,N,L$ are concyclic.

2015 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P4

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incircle $\omega$, incenter $I$ and circumcircle $\Gamma$. Let $D$ be the tangency point of $\omega$ with $BC$, let $M$ be the midpoint of $ID$, and let $A'$ be the diametral opposite of $A$ with respect to $\Gamma$. If we denote $X=A'M\cap \Gamma$, then prove that the circumcircle of triangle $AXD$ is tangent to $BC$.

2015 Taiwan TST Round 3 Quiz 1.2
Let $O$ be the circumcircle of the triangle $ABC$. Two circles $O_1,O_2$ are tangent to each of the circle $O$ and the rays $\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{AC}$, with $O_1$ interior to $O$, $O_2$ exterior to $O$. The common tangent of $O,O_1$ and the common tangent of $O,O_2$ intersect at the point $X$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of the arc $BC$ (not containing the point $A$) on the circle $O$, and the segment $\overline{AA'}$ be the diameter of $O$. Prove that $X,M$, and $A'$ are collinear.

2015 Taiwan TST Round 3 Quiz 3.2
In a scalene triangle $ABC$ with incenter $I$, the incircle is tangent to sides $CA$ and $AB$ at points $E$ and $F$. The tangents to the circumcircle of triangle $AEF$ at $E$ and $F$ meet at $S$. Lines $EF$ and $BC$ intersect at $T$. Prove that the circle with diameter $ST$ is orthogonal to the nine-point circle of triangle $BIC$.

by Evan Chen

2015 Taiwan TST Round 3 Mock IMO P4
Let $ABC$ be a fixed acute-angled triangle. Consider some points $E$ and $F$ lying on the sides $AC$ and $AB$, respectively, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $EF$. Let the perpendicular bisector of $EF$ intersect the line $BC$ at $K$, and let the perpendicular bisector of $MK$ intersect the lines $AC$ and $AB$ at $S$ and $T$, respectively. If the quadrilateral $KSAT$ is cycle, prove that $\angle{KEF}=\angle{KFE}=\angle{A}$.


2016 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 1.2
Circles $O_1$ and $O_2$ intersects at two points $B$ and $C$, and $BC$ is the diameter of circle $O_1$. Construct a tangent line of circle $O_1$ at $C$ and intersecting circle $O_2$ at another point $A$. We join $AB$ to intersect $O_1$ at point $E$, then join $CE$ and extend it to intersect circle $O_2$ at point $F$. Assume that $H$ is an arbitrary point on the line segment $AF$. We join $HE$ and extend it to intersect circle $O_1$ at point $G$, and join $BG$ and extend it to intersect the extended line of $AC$ at point $D$. Prove that $\frac{AH}{HF}=\frac{AC}{CD}$.

2016 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO P1

Let $AB$ be a chord on a circle $O$, $M$ be the midpoint of the smaller arc $AB$. From a point $C$ outside the circle $O$ draws two tangents to the circle $O$ at the points $S$ and $T$. Suppose $MS$ intersects with $AB$ at the point $E$, $MT$ intersects with $AB$ at the point $F$. From $E,F$ draw a line perpendicular to $AB$ that intersects with $OS,OT$ at the points $X,Y$, respectively. Draw another line from $C$ which intersects with the circle $O$ at the points $P$ and $Q$. Let $R$ be the intersection point of $MP$ and $AB$. Finally, let $Z$ be the circumcenter of triangle $PQR$. Prove that $X$,$Y$ and $Z$ are collinear.

2016 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 2.1
Let $O$ be the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$, and $\omega$ be the circumcircle of triangle $BOC$. Line $AO$ intersects with circle $\omega$ again at the point $G$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of side $BC$, and the perpendicular bisector of $BC$ meets circle $\omega$ at the points $O$ and $N$. Prove that the midpoint of the segment $AN$ lies on the radical axis of the circumcircle of triangle $OMG$, and the circle whose diameter is $AO$.

2016 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P6

Let $AXYZB$ be a convex pentagon inscribed in a semicircle with diameter $AB$, and let $K$ be the foot of the altitude from $Y$ to $AB$. Let $O$ denote the midpoint of $AB$ and $L$ be the intersection of $XZ$ with $YO$. Select a point $M$ on line $KL$ with $MA=MB$ , and finally, let $I$ be the reflection of $O$ across $XZ$. Prove that if quadrilateral $XKOZ$ is cyclic then so is quadrilateral $YOMI$.

by Evan Chen

2016 Taiwan TST Round 3 Quiz 3.1

Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle, with $\angle B \neq \angle C$ . Let $M$ be the midpoint of side $BC$, and $E,F$ be the feet of the altitude from $B,C$ respectively. Denote by $K,L$ the midpoints of segments $ME,MF$, respectively. Suppose $T$ is a point on the line $KL$ such that $AT//BC$. Prove that $TA=TM$ .

2017 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 2.1
Let ${\cal C}_1$ and ${\cal C}_2$ be concentric circles, with ${\cal C}_2$ in the interior of  ${\cal C}_1$. From a point $A$ on ${\cal C}_1$ one draws the tangent $AB$ to ${\cal C}_2$ ($B\in {\cal C}_2$). Let $C$ be the second point of intersection of $AB$ and ${\cal C}_1$, and let $D$ be the midpoint of $AB$. A line passing through $A$ intersects ${\cal C}_2$ at $E$ and $F$ in such a way that the perpendicular bisectors of $DE$ and $CF$ intersect at a point $M$ on $AB$. Find, with proof, the ratio $AM/MC$.

2017 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO P4
Two line $BC$ and $EF$ are parallel. Let $D$ be a point on segment $BC$ different from $B$,$C$. Let $I$ be the intersection of $BF$ ans $CE$. Denote the circumcircle of $\triangle CDE$ and $\triangle BDF$ as $K$,$L$. Circle $K$,$L$ are tangent with $EF$ at $E$,$F$,respectively. Let $A$ be the other intersection of circle $K$ and $L$. Let $DF$ and circle $K$ intersect again at $Q$, and $DE$ and circle $L$ intersect again at $R$. Let $EQ$ and $FR$ intersect at $M$. Prove that $I$, $A$, $M$ are collinear.

2017 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 2.2
Given a $\triangle ABC$ and three points $D, E, F$ such that $DB = DC,$ $EC = EA,$ $FA = FB,$ $\measuredangle BDC = \measuredangle CEA = \measuredangle AFB.$ Let $\Omega_D$ be the circle with center $D$ passing through $B, C$ and similarly for $\Omega_E, \Omega_F.$ Prove that the radical center of $\Omega_D, \Omega_E, \Omega_F$ lies on the Euler line of $\triangle DEF.$

by Telv Cohl

2017 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 3.2
Let $ABC$ be a triangle such that $BC>AB$, $L$ be the internal angle bisector of $\angle ABC$. Let $P,Q$ be the feet from $A,C$ to $L$, respectively. Suppose $M,N$ are the midpoints of $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{BC}$, respectively. Let $O$ be the circumcenter of triangle $PQM$, and the circumcircle intersects $AC$ at point $H$. Prove that $O,M,N,H$ are concyclic.

2017 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P1
Given a circle and four points $B,C,X,Y$ on it. Assume $A$ is the midpoint of $BC$, and $Z$ is the midpoint of $XY$. Let $L_1,L_2$ be lines perpendicular to $BC$ and pass through $B,C$ respectively. Let the line pass through $X$ and perpendicular to $AX$ intersects $L_1,L_2$ at $X_1,X_2$ respectively. Similarly, let the line pass through $Y$ and perpendicular to $AY$ intersects $L_1,L_2$ at $Y_1,Y_2$ respectively. Assume $X_1Y_2$ intersects $X_2Y_1$ at $P$. Prove that $\angle AZP=90^o.$

by William Chao 

2017 Taiwan TST Round 3 Quiz 2.2
$\triangle ABC$ satisfies $\angle A=60^{\circ}$. Call its circumcenter and orthocenter $O, H$, respectively. Let $M$ be a point on the segment $BH$, then choose a point $N$ on the line $CH$ such that $H$ lies between $C, N$, and $\overline{BM}=\overline{CN}$. Find all possible value of $\frac{\overline{MH}+\overline{NH}}{\overline{OH}}$

2017 Taiwan TST Round 3 Mock IMO P3
Given a $\triangle ABC$ with circumcircle $\Gamma.$ Let $A'$ be the antipode of $A$ in $\Gamma$ and $D$ be the point s.t. $\triangle BCD$ is an equilateral triangle ($A$ and $D$ are on the opposite side of $BC$). Let the perpendicular from $A'$ to $A'D$ cuts $CA,$ $AB$ at $E,$ $F,$ resp. and $T$ be the point s.t. $\triangle ETF$ is an isosceles triangle with base $EF$ and base angle $30^{\circ}$ ($A$ and $T$ are on the opposite side of $EF$). Prove that $AT$ passes through the 9-point center of $\triangle ABC.$

by Telv Cohl

2018 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 1.2

Given a scalene triangle $\triangle ABC$. $B', C'$ are points lie on the rays $\overrightarrow{AB}, \overrightarrow{AC}$ such that $\overline{AB'} = \overline{AC}, \overline{AC'} = \overline{AB}$. Now, for an arbitrary point $P$ in the plane. Let $Q$ be the reflection point of $P$ w.r.t $\overline{BC}$. The intersections of $\odot{\left(BB'P\right)}$ and $\odot{\left(CC'P\right)}$ is $P'$ and the intersections of $\odot{\left(BB'Q\right)}$ and $\odot{\left(CC'Q\right)}$ is $Q'$. Suppose that $O, O'$ are circumcenters of $\triangle{ABC}, \triangle{AB'C'}$ Show that
1. $O', P', Q'$ are colinear
2. $\overline{O'P'} \cdot  \overline{O'Q'} = \overline{OA}^{2}$

2018 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 2.1
Given a triangle $\triangle{ABC}$ and a point $O$. $X$ is a point on the ray $\overrightarrow{AC}$. Let $X'$ be a point on the ray $\overrightarrow{BA}$ so that $\overline{AX} = \overline{AX_{1}}$ and $A$ lies in the segment $\overline{BX_{1}}$. Then, on the ray $\overrightarrow{BC}$, choose $X_{2}$ with $\overline{X_{1}X_{2}} \parallel \overline{OC}$.
Prove that when $X$ moves on the ray $\overrightarrow{AC}$, the locus of circumcenter of $\triangle{BX_{1}X_{2}}$ is a part of a line.

2018 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO P1
Let $ABCDE$ be a convex pentagon such that $AB=BC=CD$, $\angle{EAB}=\angle{BCD}$, and $\angle{EDC}=\angle{CBA}$. Prove that the perpendicular line from $E$ to $BC$ and the line segments $AC$ and $BD$ are concurrent.

2018 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO P6
Given six points $A, B, C, D, E, F$ such that $\triangle BCD \stackrel{+}{\sim} \triangle ECA \stackrel{+}{\sim} \triangle BFA$ and let $I$ be the incenter of $\triangle ABC.$ Prove that the circumcenter of $\triangle AID, \triangle BIE, \triangle CIF$ are collinear.

by Telv Cohl

2018 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 1.1 [original version]

Given a $\triangle ABC$ with circumcircle $\Omega$ and a point $P.$ Let $D$ be the second intersection of $AP$ with $\Omega,$ $E, F$ be the intersection of $BP, CP$ with $CA, AB,$ respectively$,$ $M$ be the intersection of $\odot (AEF)$ with $\Omega,$ $T$ be the intersection of the tangent of $\Omega$ at $B,C$ and $U$ be the second intersection of $TD$ with $\Omega.$ Prove that the reflection of $U$ in $BC$ lies on $\odot (DMP).$

by Telv Cohl

2018 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 1.2

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\Omega$, circumcenter $O$ and orthocenter $H$. Let $S$ lie on $\Omega$ and $P$ lie on $BC$ such that $\angle ASP=90^\circ$, line $SH$ intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle APS$ at $X\neq S$. Suppose $OP$ intersects $CA,AB$ at $Q,R$, respectively, $QY,RZ$ are the altitude of $\triangle AQR$. Prove that $X,Y,Z$ are collinear.

by Shuang-Yen Lee

2018 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 2.1
Let $A,B,C$ be the midpoints of the three sides $B'C', C'A', A'B'$ of the triangle $A'B'C'$ respectively. Let $P$ be a point inside $\Delta ABC$, and $AP,BP,CP$ intersect with $BC, CA, AB$ at $P_a,P_b,P_c$, respectively. Lines $P_aP_b, P_aP_c$ intersect with $B'C'$ at $R_b, R_c$ respectively, lines $P_bP_c, P_bP_a$ intersect with $C'A'$ at $S_c, S_a$ respectively. and lines $P_cP_a, P_cP_b$ intersect with $A'B'$ at $T_a, T_b$, respectively. Given that $S_c,S_a, T_a, T_b$ are all on a circle centered at $O$.
Show that $OR_b=OR_c$.

2018 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P1
Given a triangle $ABC$ and a point $O$ on a plane. Let $\Gamma$ be the circumcircle of $ABC$. Suppose that $CO$ intersects with $AB$ at $D$, and $BO$ and $CA$ intersect at $E$. Moreover, suppose that $AO$ intersects with $\Gamma$ at $A,F$. Let $I$ be the other intersection of $\Gamma$ and the circumcircle of $ADE$, and $Y$ be the other intersection of $BE$ and the circumcircle of $CEI$, and $Z$ be the other intersection of $CD$ and the circumcircle of $BDI$. Let $T$ be the intersection of the two tangents of $\Gamma$ at $B,C$, respectively. Lastly, suppose that $TF$ intersects with $\Gamma$ again at $U$, and the reflection of $U$ w.r.t. $BC$ is $G$.
Show that $F,I,G,O,Y,Z$ are concyclic.

2018 Taiwan TST Round 3 Quiz 1.2
Let $I,G,O$ be the incenter, centroid and the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$, respectively. Let $X,Y,Z$ be on the rays $BC, CA, AB$ respectively so that $BX=CY=AZ$. Let $F$ be the centroid of $XYZ$.
Show that $FG$ is perpendicular to $IO$.

2018 Taiwan TST Round 3 Mock IMO P3
Let $I$ be the incenter of triangle $ABC$, and $\ell$ be the perpendicular bisector of $AI$. Suppose that $P$ is on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$, and line $AP$ and $\ell$ intersect at point $Q$. Point $R$ is on $\ell$ such that $\angle IPR = 90^{\circ}$.Suppose that line $IQ$ and the midsegment of $ABC$ that is parallel to $BC$ intersect at $M$. Show that $\angle AMR = 90^{\circ}$

(Note: In a triangle, a line connecting two midpoints is called a midsegment.)

2019 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 2.1
Given a triangle $\triangle{ABC}$ with orthocenter $H$. On its circumcenter, choose an arbitrary point $P$ (other than $A,B,C$) and let $M$ be the mid-point of $HP$. Now, we find three points $D,E,F$ on the line $BC, CA, AB$, respectively, such that $AP \parallel HD, BP \parallel HE, CP \parallel HF$. Show that $D, E, F, M$ are colinear.

2019 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 3.2

Given a convex pentagon $ABCDE.$ Let $A_1$ be the intersection of $BD$ with $CE$ and define $B_1, C_1, D_1, E_1$ similarly, $A_2$ be the second intersection of $\odot (ABD_1),\odot (AEC_1)$ and define $B_2, C_2, D_2, E_2$ similarly. Prove that $AA_2, BB_2, CC_2, DD_2, EE_2$ are concurrent.

by Telv Cohl

2019 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO P6

Given a triangle $\triangle ABC$. Denote its incenter and orthocenter by $I, H$, respectively. If there is a point $K$ with $$AH+AK = BH+BK = CH+CK$$ Show that $H, I, K$ are colinear.

2019 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P2

Given a triangle $\triangle{ABC}$. Denote its incircle and circumcircle by $\omega, \Omega$, respectively. Assume that $\omega$ tangents the sides $AB, AC$ at $F, E$, respectively. Then, let the intersections of line $EF$ and $\Omega$ to be $P,Q$. Let $M$ to be the mid-point of $BC$. Take a point $R$ on the circumcircle of $\triangle{MPQ}$, say $\Gamma$, such that $MR \perp EF$. Prove that the line $AR$, $\omega$ and $\Gamma$ intersect at one point.

2019 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P6

Given a triangle $\triangle{ABC}$ whose incenter is $I$ and $A$-excenter is $J$. $A'$ is point so that $AA'$ is a diameter of $\odot\left(\triangle{ABC}\right)$. Define $H_{1}, H_{2}$ to be the orthocenters of $\triangle{BIA'}$ and $\triangle{CJA'}$. Show that $H_{1}H_{2} \parallel BC$

2019 Taiwan TST Round 3 Mock IMO P1

Given a $\triangle ABC$ and a point $P.$ Let $O, D, E, F$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC, \triangle BPC, \triangle CPA, \triangle APB,$ respectively and let $T$ be the intersection of $BC$ with $EF.$ Prove that the reflection of $O$ in $EF$ lies on the perpendicular from $D$ to $PT.$

by Telv Cohl

2019 Taiwan TST Round 3 Mock IMO P6

Given a triangle $\triangle{ABC}$ with circumcircle $\Omega$. Denote its incenter and $A$-excenter by $I, J$, respectively. Let $T$ be the reflection of $J$ w.r.t $BC$ and $P$ is the intersection of $BC$ and $AT$. If the circumcircle of $\triangle{AIP}$ intersects $BC$ at $X \neq P$ and there is a point $Y \neq A$ on $\Omega$ such that $IA = IY$. Show that $\odot\left(IXY\right)$ tangents to the line $AI$.

2020 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 2.2
Let point $H$ be the orthocenter of a scalene triangle $ABC$. Line $AH$ intersects with the circumcircle $\Omega$ of triangle $ABC$ again at point $P$. Line $BH, CH$ meets with $AC,AB$ at point $E$ and $F$, respectively. Let $PE, PF$ meet $\Omega$ again at point $Q,R$, respectively. Point $Y$ lies on $\Omega$ so that lines $AY,QR$ and $EF$ are concurrent. Prove that $PY$ bisects $EF$.

2020 Taiwan TST Round 1 Mock IMO P5

Let $O$ be the center of the equilateral triangle $ABC$. Pick two points $P_1$ and $P_2$ other than $B$, $O$, $C$ on the circle $\odot(BOC)$ so that on this circle $B$, $P_1$, $P_2$, $O$, $C$ are placed in this order. Extensions of $BP_1$ and $CP_1$ intersects respectively with side $CA$ and $AB$ at points $R$ and $S$. Line $AP_1$ and $RS$ intersects at point $Q_1$. Analogously point $Q_2$ is defined. Let $\odot(OP_1Q_1)$ and $\odot(OP_2Q_2)$ meet again at point $U$ other than $O$. Prove that $2\,\angle Q_2UQ_1 + \angle Q_2OQ_1 = 360^\circ$.

Remark. $\odot(XYZ)$ denotes the circumcircle of triangle $XYZ$

2020 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P5

Let $I, O, \omega, \Omega$ be the incenter, circumcenter, the incircle, and the circumcircle, respectively, of a scalene triangle $ABC$. The incircle $\omega$ is tangent to side $BC$ at point $D$. Let $S$ be the point on the circumcircle $\Omega$ such that $AS, OI, BC$ are concurrent. Let $H$ be the orthocenter of triangle $BIC$. Point $T$ lies on $\Omega$ such that $\angle ATI$ is a right angle. Prove that the points $D, T, H, S$ are concyclic.

by ltf0501

2020 Taiwan TST Round 3 Mock IMO P1

Let $\Omega$ be the $A$-excircle of triangle $ABC$, and suppose that $\Omega$ is tangent to lines $BC$, $CA$, and $AB$ at points $D$, $E$, and $F$, respectively. Let $M$ be the midpoint of segment $EF$. Two more points $P$ and $Q$ are on $\Omega$ such that $EP$ and $FQ$ are both parallel to $DM$. Let $BP$ meet $CQ$ at point $X$. Prove that the line $AM$ is the angle bisector of $\angle XAD$.

by Shuang-Yen Lee

2020 Taiwan TST Round 3 Mock IMO P5

Let $O$ and $H$ be the circumcenter and the orthocenter, respectively, of an acute triangle $ABC$. Points $D$ and $E$ are chosen from sides $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $A$, $D$, $O$, $E$ are concyclic. Let $P$ be a point on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$. The line passing $P$ and parallel to $OD$ intersects $AB$ at point $X$, while the line passing $P$ and parallel to $OE$ intersects $AC$ at $Y$. Suppose that the perpendicular bisector of $\overline{HP}$ does not coincide with $XY$, but intersect $XY$ at $Q$, and that points $A$, $Q$ lies on the different sides of $DE$. Prove that $\angle EQD = \angle BAC$.

by Shuang-Yen Lee

2021 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 2G

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incenter $I$ and circumcircle $\Omega$. A point $X$ on $\Omega$ which is different from $A$ satisfies $AI=XI$. The incircle touches $AC$ and $AB$ at $E, F$, respectively. Let $M_a, M_b, M_c$ be the midpoints of sides $BC, CA, AB$, respectively. Let $T$ be the intersection of the lines $M_bF$ and $M_cE$. Suppose that $AT$ intersects $\Omega$ again at a point $S$. Prove that $X, M_a, S, T$ are concyclic.

by ltf0501 and Li4

2021 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 1G

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral with pairwise distinct side lengths such that $AC\perp BD$. Let $O_1,O_2$ be the circumcenters of $\Delta ABD, \Delta CBD$, respectively. Show that $AO_2, CO_1$, the Euler line of $\Delta ABC$ and the Euler line of $\Delta ADC$ are concurrent.

(Remark: The Euler line of a triangle is the line on which its circumcenter, centroid, and orthocenter lie.)

by usjl

2021 Taiwan TST Round 2 Quiz 2G

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\Gamma$, and points $E$ and $F$ are chosen from sides $CA$, $AB$, respectively. Let the circumcircle of triangle $AEF$ and $\Gamma$ intersect again at point $X$. Let the circumcircles of triangle $ABE$ and $ACF$ intersect again at point $K$. Line $AK$ intersect with $\Gamma$ again at point $M$ other than $A$, and $N$ be the reflection point of $M$ with respect to line $BC$. Let $XN$ intersect with $\Gamma$ again at point $S$ other that $X$. Prove that $SM$ is parallel to $BC$.

by Ming Hsiao

2021 Taiwan TST Round 2 Mock IMO P3

Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle, and points $O$ and $H$ be its circumcenter and orthocenter, respectively. Point $P$ lies inside triangle $AHO$ and satisfies $\angle AHP = \angle POA$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of segment $\overline{OP}$. Suppose that $BM$ and $CM$ intersect with the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ again at $X$ and $Y$, respectively. Prove that line $XY$ passes through the circumcenter of triangle $APO$.

by Li4

2021 Taiwan TST Round 3 Quiz 2G

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB<AC$, and let $I_a$ be its $A$-excenter. Let $D$ be the projection of $I_a$ to $BC$. Let $X$ be the intersection of $AI_a$ and $BC$, and let $Y,Z$ be the points on $AC,AB$, respectively, such that $X,Y,Z$ are on a line perpendicular to $AI_a$. Let the circumcircle of $AYZ$ intersect $AI_a$ again at $U$. Suppose that the tangent of the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $A$ intersects $BC$ at $T$, and the segment $TU$ intersects the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $V$. Show that $\angle BAV=\angle DAC$.

by usjl

2021 Taiwan TST Round 3 Mock IMO P6

Let $ABCD$ be a rhombus with center $O.$ $P$ is a point lying on the side $AB.$ Let $I,$ $J,$ and $L$ be the incenters of triangles $PCD,$ $PAD,$ and $PBC,$ respectively. Let $H$ and $K$ be orthocenters of triangles $PLB$ and $PJA,$ respectively. Prove that $OI \perp HK.$

by buratinogigle