geometry problems from Mexican Mathematical Olympiads
with aops links in the names
1987 Mexican P3
Consider two lines $\ell$ and $\ell ' $ and a fixed point $P$ equidistant from these lines. What is the locus of projections $M$ of $P$ on $AB$, where $A$ is on $\ell $, $B$ on $\ell ' $, and angle $\angle APB$ is right?
1987 Mexican P5
In a right triangle $ABC$, M is a point on the hypotenuse $BC$ and $P$ and $Q$ the projections of $M$ on $AB$ and $AC$ respectively. Prove that for no such point $M$ do the triangles $BPM, MQC$ and the rectangle $AQMP$ have the same area.
1987 Mexican P8
(a) Three lines $l,m,n$ in space pass through point $S$. A plane perpendicular to $m$ intersects $l,m,n $ at $A,B,C$ respectively. Suppose that $\angle ASB = \angle BSC = 45^o$ and $\angle ABC = 90^o$. Compute $\angle ASC$.
(b) Furthermore, if a plane perpendicular to $l$ intersects $l,m,n$ at $P,Q,R$ respectively and $SP = 1$, find the sides of triangle $PQR$.
1988 Mexican P8
Compute the volume of a regular octahedron circumscribed about a sphere of radius $1$.
$ABCD$ is a parallelogram. Take $E$ on the line $AB$ so that $BE = BC$ and $B$ lies between $A$ and $E$. Let the line through $C$ perpendicular to $BD$ and the line through $E$ perpendicular to $AB$ meet at $F$. Show that $\angle DAF = \angle BAF$.
1999 Mexican P3
A point $P$ is given inside a triangle $ABC$. Let $D,E,F$ be the midpoints of $AP,BP,CP$, and let $L,M,N$ be the intersection points of $ BF$ and $CE, AF$ and $CD, AE$ and $BD$, respectively.
(a) Prove that the area of hexagon $DNELFM$ is equal to one third of the area of triangle $ABC$.
(b) Prove that $DL,EM$, and $FN$ are concurrent.
$ABC$ is a triangle with $AB < AC$ and $\angle A = 2 \angle C$. $D$ is the point on $AC$ such that $CD = AB$. Let L be the line through $B$ parallel to $AC$. Let $L$ meet the external bisector of $\angle A$ at $M$ and the line through $C$ parallel to $AB$ at $N$. Show that $MD = ND$.
2007 Mexican P2
Given an equilateral $\triangle ABC$, find the locus of points $P$ such that $\angle APB=\angle BPC$.
2007 Mexican P6
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB>AC>BC$. Let $D$ be a point on $AB$ such that $CD=BC$, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $AC$. Show that $BD=AC \longleftrightarrow \angle BAC=2\angle ABM.$
with aops links in the names
Olimpiada Mexicana de Matemáticas (OMM)
collected inside aops here
1987- 2021
Consider two lines $\ell$ and $\ell ' $ and a fixed point $P$ equidistant from these lines. What is the locus of projections $M$ of $P$ on $AB$, where $A$ is on $\ell $, $B$ on $\ell ' $, and angle $\angle APB$ is right?
1987 Mexican P5
In a right triangle $ABC$, M is a point on the hypotenuse $BC$ and $P$ and $Q$ the projections of $M$ on $AB$ and $AC$ respectively. Prove that for no such point $M$ do the triangles $BPM, MQC$ and the rectangle $AQMP$ have the same area.
1987 Mexican P8
(a) Three lines $l,m,n$ in space pass through point $S$. A plane perpendicular to $m$ intersects $l,m,n $ at $A,B,C$ respectively. Suppose that $\angle ASB = \angle BSC = 45^o$ and $\angle ABC = 90^o$. Compute $\angle ASC$.
(b) Furthermore, if a plane perpendicular to $l$ intersects $l,m,n$ at $P,Q,R$ respectively and $SP = 1$, find the sides of triangle $PQR$.
1988 Mexican P3
Two externally tangent circles with different radii are given. Their common tangents form a triangle. Find the area of this triangle in terms of the radii of the two circles.
Two externally tangent circles with different radii are given. Their common tangents form a triangle. Find the area of this triangle in terms of the radii of the two circles.
1988 Mexican P6
Consider two fixed points $B,C$ on a circle $w$. Find the locus of the incenters of all triangles $ABC$ when point $A$ describes $w$.
Consider two fixed points $B,C$ on a circle $w$. Find the locus of the incenters of all triangles $ABC$ when point $A$ describes $w$.
Compute the volume of a regular octahedron circumscribed about a sphere of radius $1$.
1989 Mexican P1
In a triangle $ABC$ the area is $18$, the length $AB$ is $5$, and the medians from $A$ and $B$ are orthogonal. Find the lengths of the sides $BC,AC$.
In a triangle $ABC$ the area is $18$, the length $AB$ is $5$, and the medians from $A$ and $B$ are orthogonal. Find the lengths of the sides $BC,AC$.
1989 Mexican P5
Let $C_1$ and $C_2$ be two tangent unit circles inside a circle $C$ of radius $2$. Circle $C_3$ inside $C$ is tangent to the circles $C,C_1,C_2$, and circle $C_4$ inside $C$ is tangent to $C,C_1,C_3$. Prove that the centers of $C,C_1,C_3$ and $C_4$ are vertices of a rectangle.
Let $C_1$ and $C_2$ be two tangent unit circles inside a circle $C$ of radius $2$. Circle $C_3$ inside $C$ is tangent to the circles $C,C_1,C_2$, and circle $C_4$ inside $C$ is tangent to $C,C_1,C_3$. Prove that the centers of $C,C_1,C_3$ and $C_4$ are vertices of a rectangle.
1990 Mexican P2
$ABC$ is a triangle with $\angle B = 90^o$ and altitude $BH$. The inradii of $ABC, ABH, CBH$ are $r, r_1, r_2$. Find a relation between them.
$ABC$ is a triangle with $\angle B = 90^o$ and altitude $BH$. The inradii of $ABC, ABH, CBH$ are $r, r_1, r_2$. Find a relation between them.
1990 Mexican P6
$ABC$ is a triangle with $\angle C = 90^o$. $E$ is a point on $AC$, and $F$ is the midpoint of $EC$. $CH$ is an altitude. $I$ is the circumcenter of $AHE$, and $G$ is the midpoint of $BC$. Show that $ABC$ and $IGF$ are similar.
$ABC$ is a triangle with $\angle C = 90^o$. $E$ is a point on $AC$, and $F$ is the midpoint of $EC$. $CH$ is an altitude. $I$ is the circumcenter of $AHE$, and $G$ is the midpoint of $BC$. Show that $ABC$ and $IGF$ are similar.
1991 Mexican P3
Four balls of radius $1$ are placed in space so that each of them touches the other three. What is the radius of the smallest sphere containing all of them?
Four balls of radius $1$ are placed in space so that each of them touches the other three. What is the radius of the smallest sphere containing all of them?
1991 Mexican P4
The diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ of a convex quarilateral $ABCD$ are orthogonal. Let $M,N,R,S$ be the midpoints of the sides $AB,BC,CD$ and $DA$ respectively, and let $W,X,Y,Z$ be the projections of the points $M,N,R$ and $S$ on the lines $CD,DA,AB$ and $BC$, respectively. Prove that the points $M,N,R,S,W,X,Y$ and $Z$ lie on a circle.
The diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ of a convex quarilateral $ABCD$ are orthogonal. Let $M,N,R,S$ be the midpoints of the sides $AB,BC,CD$ and $DA$ respectively, and let $W,X,Y,Z$ be the projections of the points $M,N,R$ and $S$ on the lines $CD,DA,AB$ and $BC$, respectively. Prove that the points $M,N,R,S,W,X,Y$ and $Z$ lie on a circle.
1992 Mexican P1
The tetrahedron $OPQR$ has the $\angle POQ = \angle POR = \angle QOR = 90^o$. $X, Y, Z$ are the midpoints of $PQ, QR$ and $RP.$ Show that the four faces of the tetrahedron $OXYZ$ have equal area.
The tetrahedron $OPQR$ has the $\angle POQ = \angle POR = \angle QOR = 90^o$. $X, Y, Z$ are the midpoints of $PQ, QR$ and $RP.$ Show that the four faces of the tetrahedron $OXYZ$ have equal area.
1992 Mexican P6
$ABCD$ is a rectangle. $I$ is the midpoint of $CD$. $BI$ meets $AC$ at $M$. Show that the line $DM$ passes through the midpoint of $BC$. $E$ is a point outside the rectangle such that $AE = BE$ and $\angle AEB = 90^o$. If $BE = BC = x$, show that $EM$ bisects $\angle AMB$. Find the area of $AEBM$ in terms of $x$.
$ABCD$ is a rectangle. $I$ is the midpoint of $CD$. $BI$ meets $AC$ at $M$. Show that the line $DM$ passes through the midpoint of $BC$. $E$ is a point outside the rectangle such that $AE = BE$ and $\angle AEB = 90^o$. If $BE = BC = x$, show that $EM$ bisects $\angle AMB$. Find the area of $AEBM$ in terms of $x$.
1993 Mexican P1
$ABC$ is a triangle with $\angle A = 90^o$. Take $E$ such that the triangle $AEC$ is outside $ABC$ and $AE = CE$ and $\angle AEC = 90^o$. Similarly, take $D$ so that $ADB$ is outside $ABC$ and similar to $AEC$. $O$ is the midpoint of $BC$. Let the lines $OD$ and $EC$ meet at $D'$, and the lines $OE$ and $BD$ meet at $E'$. Find area $DED'E'$ in terms of the sides of $ABC$.
$ABC$ is a triangle with $\angle A = 90^o$. Take $E$ such that the triangle $AEC$ is outside $ABC$ and $AE = CE$ and $\angle AEC = 90^o$. Similarly, take $D$ so that $ADB$ is outside $ABC$ and similar to $AEC$. $O$ is the midpoint of $BC$. Let the lines $OD$ and $EC$ meet at $D'$, and the lines $OE$ and $BD$ meet at $E'$. Find area $DED'E'$ in terms of the sides of $ABC$.
1993 Mexican P5
$OA, OB, OC$ are three chords of a circle. The circles with diameters $OA, OB$ meet again at $Z$, the circles with diameters $OB, OC$ meet again at $X$, and the circles with diameters $OC, OA$ meet again at $Y$. Show that $X, Y, Z$ are collinear.
1994 Mexican P3$OA, OB, OC$ are three chords of a circle. The circles with diameters $OA, OB$ meet again at $Z$, the circles with diameters $OB, OC$ meet again at $X$, and the circles with diameters $OC, OA$ meet again at $Y$. Show that $X, Y, Z$ are collinear.
$ABCD$ is a parallelogram. Take $E$ on the line $AB$ so that $BE = BC$ and $B$ lies between $A$ and $E$. Let the line through $C$ perpendicular to $BD$ and the line through $E$ perpendicular to $AB$ meet at $F$. Show that $\angle DAF = \angle BAF$.
1994 Mexican P5
$ABCD$ is a convex quadrilateral. Take the $12$ points which are the feet of the altitudes in the triangles $ABC, BCD, CDA, DAB$. Show that at least one of these points must lie on the sides of $ABCD$.
$ABCD$ is a convex quadrilateral. Take the $12$ points which are the feet of the altitudes in the triangles $ABC, BCD, CDA, DAB$. Show that at least one of these points must lie on the sides of $ABCD$.
1995 Mexican P3
$A, B, C, D$ are consecutive vertices of a regular $7$-gon. $AL$ and $AM$ are tangents to the circle center $C$ radius $CB$. $N$ is the point of intersection of $AC$ and $BD$. Show that $L, M, N$ are collinear.
$A, B, C, D$ are consecutive vertices of a regular $7$-gon. $AL$ and $AM$ are tangents to the circle center $C$ radius $CB$. $N$ is the point of intersection of $AC$ and $BD$. Show that $L, M, N$ are collinear.
1995 Mexican P5
$ABCDE$ is a convex pentagon such that the triangles $ABC, BCD, CDE, DEA$ and $EAB$ have equal areas. Show that $(1/4)$ area $(ABCDE) <$ area $(ABC) < (1/3)$ area $(ABCDE)$.
$ABCDE$ is a convex pentagon such that the triangles $ABC, BCD, CDE, DEA$ and $EAB$ have equal areas. Show that $(1/4)$ area $(ABCDE) <$ area $(ABC) < (1/3)$ area $(ABCDE)$.
1996 Mexican P1
Let $P$ and $Q$ be the points on the diagonal $BD$ of a quadrilateral $ABCD$ such that $BP = PQ = QD$. Let $AP$ and $BC$ meet at $E$, and let $AQ$ meet $DC$ at $F$.
(a) Prove that if $ABCD$ is a parallelogram, then $E$ and $F$ are the midpoints of the corresponding sides.
(b) Prove the converse of (a).
Let $P$ and $Q$ be the points on the diagonal $BD$ of a quadrilateral $ABCD$ such that $BP = PQ = QD$. Let $AP$ and $BC$ meet at $E$, and let $AQ$ meet $DC$ at $F$.
(a) Prove that if $ABCD$ is a parallelogram, then $E$ and $F$ are the midpoints of the corresponding sides.
(b) Prove the converse of (a).
1996 Mexican P6
In a triangle $ABC$ with $AB < BC < AC$, points $A' ,B' ,C'$ are such that $AA' \perp BC$ and $AA' = BC, BB' \perp CA$ and $BB'=CA$, and $CC' \perp AB$ and $CC'= AB$, as shown on the picture. Suppose that $\angle AC'B$ is a right angle. Prove that the points $A',B' ,C' $ are collinear.
In a triangle $ABC$ with $AB < BC < AC$, points $A' ,B' ,C'$ are such that $AA' \perp BC$ and $AA' = BC, BB' \perp CA$ and $BB'=CA$, and $CC' \perp AB$ and $CC'= AB$, as shown on the picture. Suppose that $\angle AC'B$ is a right angle. Prove that the points $A',B' ,C' $ are collinear.
1997 Mexican P2
In a triangle $ABC, P$ and $P'$ are points on side $BC, Q$ on side $CA$, and $R $ on side $AB$, such that $\frac{AR}{RB}=\frac{BP}{PC}=\frac{CQ}{QA}=\frac{CP'}{P'B}$ . Let $G$ be the centroid of triangle $ABC$ and $K$ be the intersection point of $AP'$ and $RQ$. Prove that points $P,G,K$ are collinear.
In a triangle $ABC, P$ and $P'$ are points on side $BC, Q$ on side $CA$, and $R $ on side $AB$, such that $\frac{AR}{RB}=\frac{BP}{PC}=\frac{CQ}{QA}=\frac{CP'}{P'B}$ . Let $G$ be the centroid of triangle $ABC$ and $K$ be the intersection point of $AP'$ and $RQ$. Prove that points $P,G,K$ are collinear.
1997 Mexican P5
Let $P,Q,R$ be points on the sides $BC,CA,AB$ respectively of a triangle $ABC$. Suppose that $BQ$ and $CR$ meet at $A', AP$ and $CR$ meet at $B'$, and $AP$ and $BQ$ meet at $C'$, such that $AB' = B'C', BC' =C'A'$, and $CA'= A'B'$. Compute the ratio of the area of $\triangle PQR$ to the area of $\triangle ABC$.
Let $P,Q,R$ be points on the sides $BC,CA,AB$ respectively of a triangle $ABC$. Suppose that $BQ$ and $CR$ meet at $A', AP$ and $CR$ meet at $B'$, and $AP$ and $BQ$ meet at $C'$, such that $AB' = B'C', BC' =C'A'$, and $CA'= A'B'$. Compute the ratio of the area of $\triangle PQR$ to the area of $\triangle ABC$.
1998 Mexican P2
Rays $l$ and $m$ forming an angle of $a$ are drawn from the same point. Let $P$ be a fixed point on $l$. For each circle $C$ tangent to $l$ at $P$ and intersecting $m$ at $Q$ and $R$, let $T$ be the intersection point of the bisector of angle $QPR$ with $C$. Describe the locus of $T$ and justify your answer.
Rays $l$ and $m$ forming an angle of $a$ are drawn from the same point. Let $P$ be a fixed point on $l$. For each circle $C$ tangent to $l$ at $P$ and intersecting $m$ at $Q$ and $R$, let $T$ be the intersection point of the bisector of angle $QPR$ with $C$. Describe the locus of $T$ and justify your answer.
1998 Mexican P5
The tangents at points $B$ and $C$ on a given circle meet at point $A$. Let $Q$ be a point on segment $AC$ and let $BQ$ meet the circle again at $P$. The line through $Q $ parallel to $AB$ intersects $BC$ at $J$. Prove that $PJ$ is parallel to $AC$ if and only if $BC^2 = AC\cdot QC$.
The tangents at points $B$ and $C$ on a given circle meet at point $A$. Let $Q$ be a point on segment $AC$ and let $BQ$ meet the circle again at $P$. The line through $Q $ parallel to $AB$ intersects $BC$ at $J$. Prove that $PJ$ is parallel to $AC$ if and only if $BC^2 = AC\cdot QC$.
1999 Mexican P3
A point $P$ is given inside a triangle $ABC$. Let $D,E,F$ be the midpoints of $AP,BP,CP$, and let $L,M,N$ be the intersection points of $ BF$ and $CE, AF$ and $CD, AE$ and $BD$, respectively.
(a) Prove that the area of hexagon $DNELFM$ is equal to one third of the area of triangle $ABC$.
(b) Prove that $DL,EM$, and $FN$ are concurrent.
1999 Mexican P5
In a quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $AB // CD$, the external bisectors of the angles at $B$ and $C$ meet at $P$, while the external bisectors of the angles at $A$ and $D$ meet at $Q$. Prove that the length of $PQ$ equals the semiperimeter of $ABCD$.
In a quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $AB // CD$, the external bisectors of the angles at $B$ and $C$ meet at $P$, while the external bisectors of the angles at $A$ and $D$ meet at $Q$. Prove that the length of $PQ$ equals the semiperimeter of $ABCD$.
2000 Mexican P1
Circles $A,B,C,D$ are given on the plane such that circles $A$ and $B$ are externally tangent at $P, B$ and $C$ at $Q, C$ and $D$ at $R$, and $D$ and $A$ at $S$. Circles $A$ and $C$ do not meet, and so do not $B$ and $D$.
(a) Prove that the points $P,Q,R,S$ lie on a circle.
(b) Suppose that $A$ and $C$ have radius $2, B$ and $D$ have radius $3$, and the distance between the centers of $A$ and $C$ is $6$. Compute the area of the quadrilateral $PQRS$.
Circles $A,B,C,D$ are given on the plane such that circles $A$ and $B$ are externally tangent at $P, B$ and $C$ at $Q, C$ and $D$ at $R$, and $D$ and $A$ at $S$. Circles $A$ and $C$ do not meet, and so do not $B$ and $D$.
(a) Prove that the points $P,Q,R,S$ lie on a circle.
(b) Suppose that $A$ and $C$ have radius $2, B$ and $D$ have radius $3$, and the distance between the centers of $A$ and $C$ is $6$. Compute the area of the quadrilateral $PQRS$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle B > 90^o$ such that there is a point $H$ on side $AC$ with $AH = BH$ and BH perpendicular to $BC$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the midpoints of $AB$ and $BC$ respectively. A line through $H$ parallel to $AB$ cuts $DE$ at $F$. Prove that $\angle BCF = \angle ACD$.
$ABCD$ is a cyclic quadrilateral. $M$ is the midpoint of $CD$. The diagonals meet at $P$. The circle through $P$ which touches $CD$ at $M$ meets $AC$ again at $R$ and $BD$ again at $Q$. The point $S$ on $BD$ is such that $BS = DQ$. The line through $S$ parallel to $AB$ meets $AC$ at $T$. Show that $AT = RC$.
$ABCD$ is a parallelogram. $K$ is the circumcircle of $ABD$. The lines $BC$ and $CD$ meet $K$ again at $E$ and $F$. Show that the circumcenter of $CEF$ lies on $K$.
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral with $\measuredangle DAB=\measuredangle ABC=90^{\circ}$. Denote by $M$ the midpoint of the side $AB$, and assume that $\measuredangle CMD=90^{\circ}$. Let $K$ be the foot of the perpendicular from the point $M$ to the line $CD$. The line $AK$ meets $BD$ at $P$, and the line $BK$ meets $AC$ at $Q$. Show that $\angle{AKB}=90^{\circ}$ and $\frac{KP}{PA}+\frac{KQ}{QB}=1$.
$A, B, C$ are collinear with $B$ betweeen $A$ and $C$. $K_{1}$ is the circle with diameter $AB$, and $K_{2}$ is the circle with diameter $BC$. Another circle touches $AC$ at $B$ and meets $K_{1}$ again at $P$ and $K_{2}$ again at $Q$. The line $PQ$ meets $K_{1}$ again at $R$ and $K_{2}$ again at $S$. Show that the lines $AR$ and $CS$ meet on the perpendicular to $AC$ at $B$.
The quadrilateral $ABCD$ has $AB$ parallel to $CD$. $P$ is on the side $AB$ and $Q$ on the side $CD$ such that $\frac{AP}{PB}= \frac{DQ}{CQ}$. M is the intersection of $AQ$ and $DP$, and $N$ is the intersection of $PC$ and $QB$. Find $MN$ in terms of $AB$ and $CD$.
Let $Z$ and $Y$ be the tangency points of the incircle of the triangle $ABC$ with the sides $AB$ and $CA$, respectively. The parallel line to $Y Z$ through the midpoint $M$ of $BC$, meets $CA$ in $N$. Let $L$ be the point in $CA$ such that $NL = AB$ (and $L$ on the same side of $N$ than $A$). The line $ML$ meets $AB$ in $K$. Prove that $KA = NC$.
Let $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ be two circles such that the center $O$ of $\omega_2$ lies in $\omega_1$. Let $C$ and $D$ be the two intersection points of the circles. Let $A$ be a point on $\omega_1$ and let $B$ be a point on $\omega_2$ such that $AC$ is tangent to $\omega_2$ in C and BC is tangent to $\omega_1$ in $C$. The line segment $AB$ meets $\omega_2$ again in $E$ and also meets $\omega_1$ again in F. The line $CE$ meets $\omega_1$ again in $G$ and the line $CF$ meets the line $GD$ in $H$. Prove that the intersection point of $GO$ and $EH$ is the center of the circumcircle of the triangle $DEF$.
Let $O$ be the center of the circumcircle of an acute triangle $ABC$, let $P$ be any point inside the segment $BC$. Suppose the circumcircle of triangle $BPO$ intersects the segment $AB$ at point $R$ and the circumcircle of triangle $COP$ intersects $CA$ at point $Q$.
(i) Consider the triangle $PQR$, show that it is similar to triangle $ABC$ and that $O$ is its orthocenter.
(ii) Show that the circumcircles of triangles $BPO$, $COP$, $PQR$ have the same radius.
(i) Consider the triangle $PQR$, show that it is similar to triangle $ABC$ and that $O$ is its orthocenter.
(ii) Show that the circumcircles of triangles $BPO$, $COP$, $PQR$ have the same radius.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $AD$ be the angle bisector of $<BAC$, with $D$ on $BC$. Let $E$ be a point on segment $BC$ such that $BD = EC$. Through $E$ draw $l$ a parallel line to $AD$ and let $P$ be a point in $l$ inside the triangle. Let $G$ be the point where $BP$ intersects $AC$ and $F$ be the point where $CP$ intersects $AB$. Show $BF = CG$.
Let $ABC$ be a right triangle with a right angle at $A$, such that $AB < AC$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$ and $D$ the intersection of $AC$ with the perpendicular on $BC$ passing through $M$. Let $E$ be the intersection of the parallel to $AC$ that passes through $M$, with the perpendicular on $BD$ passing through $B$. Show that the triangles $AEM$ and $MCA$ are similar if and only if $\angle ABC = 60^o$.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle , with altitudes $AD,BE$ and $CF$. Circle of diameter $AD$ intersects the sides $AB,AC$ in $M,N$ respevtively. Let $P,Q$ be the intersection points of $AD$ with $EF$ and $MN$ respectively. Show that $Q$ is the midpoint of $PD$.
Given an equilateral $\triangle ABC$, find the locus of points $P$ such that $\angle APB=\angle BPC$.
2007 Mexican P6
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB>AC>BC$. Let $D$ be a point on $AB$ such that $CD=BC$, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $AC$. Show that $BD=AC \longleftrightarrow \angle BAC=2\angle ABM.$
2008 Mexican P2
Consider a circle $\Gamma$, a point $A$ on its exterior, and the points of tangency $B$ and $C$ from $A$ to $\Gamma$. Let $P$ be a point on the segment $AB$, distinct from $A$ and $B$, and let $Q$ be the point on $AC$ such that $PQ$ is tangent to $\Gamma$. Points $R$ and $S$ are on lines $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $PQ\parallel RS$ and $RS$ is tangent to $\Gamma$ as well. Prove that $[APQ]\cdot[ARS]$ does not depend on the placement of point $P$.
Consider a circle $\Gamma$, a point $A$ on its exterior, and the points of tangency $B$ and $C$ from $A$ to $\Gamma$. Let $P$ be a point on the segment $AB$, distinct from $A$ and $B$, and let $Q$ be the point on $AC$ such that $PQ$ is tangent to $\Gamma$. Points $R$ and $S$ are on lines $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $PQ\parallel RS$ and $RS$ is tangent to $\Gamma$ as well. Prove that $[APQ]\cdot[ARS]$ does not depend on the placement of point $P$.
The internal angle bisectors of $A$, $B$, and $C$ in $\triangle ABC$ concur at $I$ and intersect the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ at $L$, $M$, and $N$, respectively. The circle with diameter $IL$ intersects $BC$ at $D$ and $E$; the circle with diameter $IM$ intersects $CA$ at $F$ and $G$; the circle with diameter $IN$ intersects $AB$ at $H$ and $J$. Show that $D$, $E$, $F$, $G$, $H$, and $J$ are concyclic.
2009 Mexican P1
In $\triangle ABC$, let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ to $BC$. A circle centered at $D$ with radius $AD$ intersects lines $AB$ and $AC$ at $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Show that $\triangle AQP\sim\triangle ABC$.
2009 Mexican P5
Consider a triangle $ABC$ and a point $M$ on side $BC$. Let $P$ be the intersection of the perpendiculars from $M$ to $AB$ and from $B$ to $BC$, and let $Q$ be the intersection of the perpendiculars from $M$ to $AC$ and from $C$ to $BC$. Show that $PQ$ is perpendicular to $AM$ if and only if $M$ is the midpoint of $BC$.
In $\triangle ABC$, let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ to $BC$. A circle centered at $D$ with radius $AD$ intersects lines $AB$ and $AC$ at $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Show that $\triangle AQP\sim\triangle ABC$.
2009 Mexican P5
Consider a triangle $ABC$ and a point $M$ on side $BC$. Let $P$ be the intersection of the perpendiculars from $M$ to $AB$ and from $B$ to $BC$, and let $Q$ be the intersection of the perpendiculars from $M$ to $AC$ and from $C$ to $BC$. Show that $PQ$ is perpendicular to $AM$ if and only if $M$ is the midpoint of $BC$.
2010 Mexican P3
Let $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$ be externally tangent at a point $A$. A line tangent to $\mathcal{C}_1$ at $B$ intersects $\mathcal{C}_2$ at $C$ and $D$; then the segment $AB$ is extended to intersect $\mathcal{C}_2$ at a point $E$. Let $F$ be the midpoint of arc $CD$ that does not contain $E$, and let $H$ be the intersection of $BF$ with $\mathcal{C}_2$. Show that $CD$, $AF$, and $EH$ are concurrent.
Let $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$ be externally tangent at a point $A$. A line tangent to $\mathcal{C}_1$ at $B$ intersects $\mathcal{C}_2$ at $C$ and $D$; then the segment $AB$ is extended to intersect $\mathcal{C}_2$ at a point $E$. Let $F$ be the midpoint of arc $CD$ that does not contain $E$, and let $H$ be the intersection of $BF$ with $\mathcal{C}_2$. Show that $CD$, $AF$, and $EH$ are concurrent.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $AB\neq AC$, $M$ be the median of $BC$, and $H$ be the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$. The circumcircle of $B$, $H$, and $C$ intersects the median $AM$ at $N$. Show that $\angle ANH=90^\circ$.
2011 Mexican P2
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and $\Gamma$ its circumcircle. Let $l$ be the line tangent to $\Gamma$ at $A$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the intersections of the circumference with center $B$ and radius $AB$ with lines $l$ and $AC$, respectively. Prove the orthocenter of $ABC$ lies on line $DE$.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and $\Gamma$ its circumcircle. Let $l$ be the line tangent to $\Gamma$ at $A$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the intersections of the circumference with center $B$ and radius $AB$ with lines $l$ and $AC$, respectively. Prove the orthocenter of $ABC$ lies on line $DE$.
Let $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$ be two circumferences intersecting at points $A$ and $B$. Let $C$ be a point on line $AB$ such that $B$ lies between $A$ and $C$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be points on $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$ respectively such that $CP$ and $CQ$ are tangent to $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$ respectively, $P$ is not inside $\mathcal{C}_2$ and $Q$ is not inside $\mathcal{C}_1$. Line $PQ$ cuts $\mathcal{C}_1$ at $R$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$ at $S$, both points different from $P$, $Q$ and $B$. Suppose $CR$ cuts $\mathcal{C}_1$ again at $X$ and $CS$ cuts $\mathcal{C}_2$ again at $Y$. Let $Z$ be a point on line $XY$. Prove $SZ$ is parallel to $QX$ if and only if $PZ$ is parallel to $RX$.
2012 Mexican P1
Let $\mathcal{C}_1$ be a circumference with center $O$, $P$ a point on it and $\ell$ the line tangent to $\mathcal{C}_1$ at $P$. Consider a point $Q$ on $\ell$ different from $P$, and let $\mathcal{C}_2$ be the circumference passing through $O$, $P$ and $Q$. Segment $OQ$ cuts $\mathcal{C}_1$ at $S$ and line $PS$ cuts $\mathcal{C}_2$ at a point $R$ diffferent from $P$. If $r_1$ and $r_2$ are the radii of $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$ respectively, Prove
$\frac{PS}{SR} = \frac{r_1}{r_2}.$
Let $\mathcal{C}_1$ be a circumference with center $O$, $P$ a point on it and $\ell$ the line tangent to $\mathcal{C}_1$ at $P$. Consider a point $Q$ on $\ell$ different from $P$, and let $\mathcal{C}_2$ be the circumference passing through $O$, $P$ and $Q$. Segment $OQ$ cuts $\mathcal{C}_1$ at $S$ and line $PS$ cuts $\mathcal{C}_2$ at a point $R$ diffferent from $P$. If $r_1$ and $r_2$ are the radii of $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_2$ respectively, Prove
$\frac{PS}{SR} = \frac{r_1}{r_2}.$
Consider an acute triangle $ABC$ with circumcircle $\mathcal{C}$. Let $H$ be the orthocenter of $ABC$ and $M$ the midpoint of $BC$. Lines $AH$, $BH$ and $CH$ cut $\mathcal{C}$ again at points $D$, $E$, and $F$ respectively; line $MH$ cuts $\mathcal{C}$ at $J$ such that $H$ lies between $J$ and $M$. Let $K$ and $L$ be the incenters of triangles $DEJ$ and $DFJ$ respectively. Prove $KL$ is parallel to $BC$.
2013 Mexican P2
Let $ABCD$ be a parallelogram with the angle at $A$ obtuse. Let $P$ be a point on segment $BD$. The circle with center $P$ passing through $A$ cuts line $AD$ at $A$ and $Y$ and cuts line $AB$ at $A$ and $X$. Line $AP$ intersects $BC$ at $Q$ and $CD$ at $R$. Prove $\angle XPY = \angle XQY + \angle XRY$.
Let $ABCD$ be a parallelogram with the angle at $A$ obtuse. Let $P$ be a point on segment $BD$. The circle with center $P$ passing through $A$ cuts line $AD$ at $A$ and $Y$ and cuts line $AB$ at $A$ and $X$. Line $AP$ intersects $BC$ at $Q$ and $CD$ at $R$. Prove $\angle XPY = \angle XQY + \angle XRY$.
Let $A_1A_2 ... A_8$ be a convex octagon such that all of its sides are equal and its opposite sides are parallel. For each $i = 1, ... , 8$, define $B_i$ as the intersection between segments $A_iA_{i+4}$ and $A_{i-1}A_{i+1}$, where $A_{j+8} = A_j$ and $B_{j+8} = B_j$ for all $j$. Show some number $i$, amongst 1, 2, 3, and 4 satisfies $\frac{A_iA_{i+4}}{B_iB_{i+4}} \leq \frac{3}{2}$
2014 Mexican P3
Let $\Gamma_1$ be a circle and $P$ a point outside of $\Gamma_1$. The tangents from $P$ to $\Gamma_1$ touch the circle at $A$ and $B$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $PA$ and $\Gamma_2$ the circle through $P$, $A$ and $B$. Line $BM$ cuts $\Gamma_2$ at $C$, line $CA$ cuts $\Gamma_1$ at $D$, segment $DB$ cuts $\Gamma_2$ at $E$ and line $PE$ cuts $\Gamma_1$ at $F$, with $E$ in segment $PF$. Prove lines $AF$, $BP$, and $CE$ are concurrent.
Let $\Gamma_1$ be a circle and $P$ a point outside of $\Gamma_1$. The tangents from $P$ to $\Gamma_1$ touch the circle at $A$ and $B$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $PA$ and $\Gamma_2$ the circle through $P$, $A$ and $B$. Line $BM$ cuts $\Gamma_2$ at $C$, line $CA$ cuts $\Gamma_1$ at $D$, segment $DB$ cuts $\Gamma_2$ at $E$ and line $PE$ cuts $\Gamma_1$ at $F$, with $E$ in segment $PF$. Prove lines $AF$, $BP$, and $CE$ are concurrent.
Let $ABCD$ be a rectangle with diagonals $AC$ and $BD$. Let $E$ be the intersection of the bisector of $\angle CAD$ with segment $CD$, $F$ on $CD$ such that $E$ is midpoint of $DF$, and $G$ on $BC$ such that $BG = AC$ (with $C$ between $B$ and $G$). Prove that the circumference through $D$, $F$ and $G$ is tangent to $BG$.
2015 Mexican P1
Let $ABC$ be an acuted-angle triangle and let $H$ be it's orthocenter. Let $PQ$ be a segment through $H$ such that $P$ lies on $AB$ and $Q$ lies on $AC$ and such that $ \angle PHB= \angle CHQ$. Finally, in the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$, consider $M$ such that $M$ is the mid point of the arc $BC$ that doesn't contain $A$. Prove that $MP=MQ$
Let $ABC$ be an acuted-angle triangle and let $H$ be it's orthocenter. Let $PQ$ be a segment through $H$ such that $P$ lies on $AB$ and $Q$ lies on $AC$ and such that $ \angle PHB= \angle CHQ$. Finally, in the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$, consider $M$ such that $M$ is the mid point of the arc $BC$ that doesn't contain $A$. Prove that $MP=MQ$
by Eduardo Velasco/Marco Figueroa
Let $I$ be the incenter of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$. Line $AI$ cuts the circumcircle of $BIC$ again at $E$. Let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ to $BC$, and let $J$ be the reflection of $I$ across $BC$. Show $D$, $J$ and $E$ are collinear.
Let $C_1$ and $C_2$ be two circumferences externally tangents at $S$ such that the radius of $C_2$ is the triple of the radius of $C_1$. Let a line be tangent to $C_1$ at $P \neq S$ and to $C_2$ at $Q \neq S$. Let $T$ be a point on $C_2$ such that $QT$ is diameter of $C_2$. Let the angle bisector of $\angle SQT$ meet $ST$ at $R$. Prove that $QR=RT$
Let $ABCD$ a quadrilateral inscribed in a circumference, $l_1$ the parallel to $BC$ through $A$, and $l_2$ the parallel to $AD$ through $B$. The line $DC$ intersects $l_1$ and $l_2$ at $E$ and $F$, respectively. The perpendicular to $l_1$ through $A$ intersects $BC$ at $P$, and the perpendicular to $l_2$ through $B$ cuts $AD$ at $Q$. Let $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ be the circumferences that pass through the vertex of triangles $ADE$ and $BFC$, respectively. Prove that $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ are tangent to each other if and only if $DP$ is perpendicular to $CQ$.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with orthocenter $H$. The circle through $B, H$, and $C$ intersects lines $AB$ and $AC$ at $D$ and $E$ respectively, and segment $DE$ intersects $HB$ and $HC$ at $P$ and $Q$ respectively. Two points $X$ and $Y$, both different from $A$, are located on lines $AP$ and $AQ$ respectively such that $X, H, A, B$ are concyclic and $Y, H, A, C$ are concyclic. Show that lines $XY$ and $BC$ are parallel.
On a circle $\Gamma$, points $A, B, N, C, D, M$ are chosen in a clockwise order in such a way that $N$ and $M$ are the midpoints of clockwise arcs $BC$ and $AD$ respectively. Let $P$ be the intersection of $AC$ and $BD$, and let $Q$ be a point on line $MB$ such that $PQ$ is perpendicular to $MN$. Point $R$ is chosen on segment $MC$ such that $QB = RC$, prove that the midpoint of $QR$ lies on $AC$.
Let $A$ and $B$ be two points on a line $\ell$, $M$ the midpoint of $AB$, and $X$ a point on segment $AB$ other than $M$. Let $\Omega$ be a semicircle with diameter $AB$. Consider a point $P$ on $\Omega$ and let $\Gamma$ be the circle through $P$ and $X$ that is tangent to $AB$. Let $Q$ be the second intersection point of $\Omega$ and $\Gamma$. The internal angle bisector of $\angle PXQ$ intersects $\Gamma$ at a point $R$. Let $Y$ be a point on $\ell$ such that $RY$ is perpendicular to $\ell$. Show that $MX > XY$
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle with circumference $\Omega$. Let the angle bisectors of $\angle B$ and $\angle C$ intersect $\Omega$ again at $M$ and $N$. Let $I$ be the intersection point of these angle bisectors. Let $M'$ and $N'$ be the respective reflections of $M$ and $N$ in $AC$ and $AB$. Prove that the center of the circle passing through $I$, $M'$, $N'$ lies on the altitude of triangle $ABC$ from $A$.
Let $H$ be the orthocenter of acute-angled triangle $ABC$ and $M$ be the midpoint of $AH$. Line $BH$ cuts $AC$ at $D$. Consider point $E$ such that $BC$ is the perpendicular bisector of $DE$. Segments $CM$ and $AE$ intersect at $F$. Show that $BF$ is perpendicular to $CM$
Let $ABC$ be a triangle such that $\angle BAC = 45^{\circ}$. Let $H,O$ be the orthocenter and circumcenter of $ABC$, respectively. Let $\omega$ be the circumcircle of $ABC$ and $P$ the point on $\omega$ such that the circumcircle of $PBH$ is tangent to $BC$. Let $X$ and $Y$ be the circumcenters of $PHB$ and $PHC$ respectively. Let $O_1,O_2$ be the circumcenters of $PXO$ and $PYO$ respectively. Prove that $O_1$ and $O_2$ lie on $AB$ and $AC$, respectively.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with incenter $I$. The line $BI$ meets $AC$ at $D$. Let $P$ be a point on $CI$ such that $DI=DP$ ($P\ne I$), $E$ the second intersection point of segment $BC$ with the circumcircle of $ABD$ and $Q$ the second intersection point of line $EP$ with the circumcircle of $AEC$. Prove that $\angle PDQ=90^\circ$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle ACB > 90^{\circ}$, and let $D$ be a point on $BC$ such that $AD$ is perpendicular to $BC$. Consider the circumference $\Gamma$ with with diameter $BC$. A line $\ell$ passes through $D$ and is tangent to $\Gamma$ at $P$, cuts $AC$ at $M$ (such that $M$ is in between $A$ and $C$), and cuts the side $AB$ at $N$. Prove that $M$ is the midpoint of $DP$ if and only if $N$ is the midpoint of $AB$.
Let $ABC$ be an acutangle scalene triangle with $\angle BAC = 60^{\circ}$ and orthocenter $H$. Let $\omega_b$ be the circumference passing through $H$ and tangent to $AB$ at $B$, and $\omega_c$ the circumference passing through $H$ and tangent to $AC$ at $C$.
Prove that $\omega_b$ and $\omega_c$ only have $H$ as common point.
Prove that the line passing through $H$ and the circumcenter $O$ of triangle $ABC$ is a common tangent to $\omega_b$ and $\omega_c$.
sources: www.ommenlinea.org, ichi.fismat.umich.mx/omm/
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