geometry problems from South Korean Mathematical Olympiads (KMO) - Final Round
1997 FKMO problem 2
The incircle of a triangle $ A_1A_2A_3$ is centered at $ O$ and meets the segment $ OA_j$ at $ B_j$ , $ j =1, 2, 3$. A circle with center $ B_j$ is tangent to the two sides of the triangle having $ A_j$ as an endpoint and intersects the segment $ OB_j$ at $ C_j$. Prove that
$ \frac{OC_1 + OC_2 + OC_3}{A_1A_2 + A_2A_3 + A_3A_1} \leq \frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}$ and find the conditions for equality.
1998 FKMO problem 2
Let $D$,$E$,$F$ be points on the sides $BC$,$CA$,$AB$ respectively of a triangle $ABC$. Lines $AD$,$BE$,$CF$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ again at $P$,$Q$,$R$, respectively.Show that: $\frac{AD}{PD}+\frac{BE}{QE}+\frac{CF}{RF}\geq 9 $ and find the cases of equality.
(usually mentioned as FKMO)
with aops links in the names
1993 - 2022
Let be given a triangle $ABC$ with $BC = a, CA = b, AB = c$. Find point $P$ in the plane for which $aAP^{2}+bBP^{2}+cCP^{2}$ is minimum, and compute this minimum.
Consider a triangle $ABC$ with $BC = a, CA = b, AB = c.$ Let $D$ be the midpoint of $BC$ and $E$ be the intersection of the bisector of $A$ with $BC$ . The circle through $A, D, E$ meets $AC, AB$ again at $F, G$ respectively. Let $H\not = B$ be a point on $AB$ with $BG = GH$ . Prove that triangles $EBH$ and $ABC$ are similar and find the ratio of their areas.
In a triangle $ABC$, $I$ and $O$ are the incenter and circumcenter respectively, $A',B',C'$ the excenters, and $O'$ the circumcenter of $\triangle A'B'C'$. If $R$ and $R'$ are the circumradii of triangles $ABC$ and $A'B'C'$, respectively, prove that:
i) $R'= 2R $
ii) $IO' = 2IO$
Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle of side $1$, $D$ be a point on $BC$, and $r_1, r_2$ be the inradii of triangles $ABD$ and $ADC$. Express $r_1r_2$ in terms of $p = BD$ and find the maximum of $r_1r_2$.
Let $O$ and $R$ be the circumcenter and circumradius of a triangle $ABC$, and let $P$ be any point in the plane of the triangle. The perpendiculars $PA_1,PB_1,PC_1$ are dropped from $P$ to $BC,CA,AB$. Express $S_{A_1B_1C_1}/S_{ABC}$ in terms of $R$ and $d = OP$, where $S_{XYZ}$ is the area of $\triangle XYZ$.
Let $\ell$ be a line having no common points with a triangle $ABC$. Let $L,M,N$ be the projections of $A,B,C$ onto $\ell$, and let $LX,MY,NZ$ be the perpendiculars from $L,M,N$ to $BC,CA,AB$, respectively. Prove that these three perpendiculars are concurrent.
Two radii $OA$ and $OB$ of a unit circle form an angle $\alpha$, $0 <\alpha <\pi /2$. Let $P$ be an arbitrary point on the arc $AB$. A ray of light from $P$ is reflected from the segments $OB,OA$ and the arc $AB$ so that it moves along the sides of a fixed triangle $PQR$, with $Q$ on $OB$ and R on $OA$. Prove that the perimeter of $\triangle PQR$ does not depend on $P$, and find it.
The incircle of a triangle $ A_1A_2A_3$ is centered at $ O$ and meets the segment $ OA_j$ at $ B_j$ , $ j =1, 2, 3$. A circle with center $ B_j$ is tangent to the two sides of the triangle having $ A_j$ as an endpoint and intersects the segment $ OB_j$ at $ C_j$. Prove that
$ \frac{OC_1 + OC_2 + OC_3}{A_1A_2 + A_2A_3 + A_3A_1} \leq \frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}$ and find the conditions for equality.
1998 FKMO problem 2
Let $D$,$E$,$F$ be points on the sides $BC$,$CA$,$AB$ respectively of a triangle $ABC$. Lines $AD$,$BE$,$CF$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ again at $P$,$Q$,$R$, respectively.Show that: $\frac{AD}{PD}+\frac{BE}{QE}+\frac{CF}{RF}\geq 9 $ and find the cases of equality.
1998 FKMO problem 5
Let $I$ be the incenter of triangle $ABC$, $O_1$ a circle through $B$ tangent to $CI$, and $O_2$ a circle through $C$ tangent to $BI$. Prove that $O_1$,$O_2$ and the circumcircle of $ABC$ have a common point.
Let $I$ be the incenter of triangle $ABC$, $O_1$ a circle through $B$ tangent to $CI$, and $O_2$ a circle through $C$ tangent to $BI$. Prove that $O_1$,$O_2$ and the circumcircle of $ABC$ have a common point.
1999 FKMO problem 1
We are given two triangles. Prove, that if $\angle{C}=\angle{C'}$ and $\frac{R}{r}=\frac{R'}{r'}$, then they are similar.
We are given two triangles. Prove, that if $\angle{C}=\angle{C'}$ and $\frac{R}{r}=\frac{R'}{r'}$, then they are similar.
2000 FKMO problem 3
A rectangle $ABCD$ is inscribed in a circle with centre $O$. The exterior bisectors of $\angle ABD$ and $\angle ADB$ intersect at $P$; those of $\angle DAB$ and $\angle DBA$ intersect at $Q$; those of $\angle ACD$ and $\angle ADC$ intersect at $R$; and those of $\angle DAC$ and $\angle DCA$ intersect at $S$. Prove that $P,Q,R$, and $S$ are concyclic.
A rectangle $ABCD$ is inscribed in a circle with centre $O$. The exterior bisectors of $\angle ABD$ and $\angle ADB$ intersect at $P$; those of $\angle DAB$ and $\angle DBA$ intersect at $Q$; those of $\angle ACD$ and $\angle ADC$ intersect at $R$; and those of $\angle DAC$ and $\angle DCA$ intersect at $S$. Prove that $P,Q,R$, and $S$ are concyclic.
2001 FKMO problem 2
Let $P$ be a given point inside a convex quadrilateral $O_1O_2O_3O_4$. For each $i = 1,2,3,4$, consider the lines $l$ that pass through $P$ and meet the rays $O_iO_{i-1}$ and $O_iO_{i+1}$ (where $O_0 = O_4$ and $O_5 = O_1$) at distinct points $A_i(l)$ and $B_i(l)$, respectively. Denote $f_i(l) = PA_i(l) \cdot PB_i(l)$. Among all such lines $l$, let $l_i$ be the one that minimizes $f_i$. Show that if $l_1 = l_3$ and $l_2 = l_4$, then the quadrilateral $O_1O_2O_3O_4$ is a parallelogram.
Let $P$ be a given point inside a convex quadrilateral $O_1O_2O_3O_4$. For each $i = 1,2,3,4$, consider the lines $l$ that pass through $P$ and meet the rays $O_iO_{i-1}$ and $O_iO_{i+1}$ (where $O_0 = O_4$ and $O_5 = O_1$) at distinct points $A_i(l)$ and $B_i(l)$, respectively. Denote $f_i(l) = PA_i(l) \cdot PB_i(l)$. Among all such lines $l$, let $l_i$ be the one that minimizes $f_i$. Show that if $l_1 = l_3$ and $l_2 = l_4$, then the quadrilateral $O_1O_2O_3O_4$ is a parallelogram.
2001 FKMO problem 5
In a triangle $ABC$ with $\angle B < 45^{\circ}$, $D$ is a point on $BC$ such that the incenter of $\triangle ABD$ coincides with the circumcenter $O$ of $\triangle ABC$. Let $P$ be the intersection point of the tangent lines to the circumcircle $\omega$ of $\triangle AOC$ at points $A$ and $C$. The lines $AD$ and $CO$ meet at $Q$. The tangent to $\omega$ at $O$ meets $PQ$ at $X$. Prove that $XO=XD$.
In a triangle $ABC$ with $\angle B < 45^{\circ}$, $D$ is a point on $BC$ such that the incenter of $\triangle ABD$ coincides with the circumcenter $O$ of $\triangle ABC$. Let $P$ be the intersection point of the tangent lines to the circumcircle $\omega$ of $\triangle AOC$ at points $A$ and $C$. The lines $AD$ and $CO$ meet at $Q$. The tangent to $\omega$ at $O$ meets $PQ$ at $X$. Prove that $XO=XD$.
2002 FKMO problem 5
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and let $\omega$ be its circumcircle. Let the perpendicular line from $A$ to $BC$ meet $\omega$ at $D$. Let $P$ be a point on $\omega$, and let $Q$ be the foot of the perpendicular line from $P$ to the line $AB$. Prove that if $Q$ is on the outside of $\omega$ and $2\angle QPB = \angle PBC$, then $D,P,Q$ are collinear.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle and let $\omega$ be its circumcircle. Let the perpendicular line from $A$ to $BC$ meet $\omega$ at $D$. Let $P$ be a point on $\omega$, and let $Q$ be the foot of the perpendicular line from $P$ to the line $AB$. Prove that if $Q$ is on the outside of $\omega$ and $2\angle QPB = \angle PBC$, then $D,P,Q$ are collinear.
2003 FKMO problem 2
Let $M$ be the intersection of two diagonal, $AC$ and $BD$, of a rhombus $ABCD$, where angle $A<90^\circ$. Construct $O$ on segment $MC$ so that $OB<OC$ and let $t=\frac{MA}{MO}$, provided that $O \neq M$. Construct a circle that has $O$ as centre and goes through $B$ and $D$. Let the intersections between the circle and $AB$ be $B$ and $X$. Let the intersections between the circle and $BC$ be $B$ and $Y$. Let the intersections of $AC$ with $DX$ and $DY$ be $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Express $\frac{OQ}{OP}$ in terms of $t$.
Let $M$ be the intersection of two diagonal, $AC$ and $BD$, of a rhombus $ABCD$, where angle $A<90^\circ$. Construct $O$ on segment $MC$ so that $OB<OC$ and let $t=\frac{MA}{MO}$, provided that $O \neq M$. Construct a circle that has $O$ as centre and goes through $B$ and $D$. Let the intersections between the circle and $AB$ be $B$ and $X$. Let the intersections between the circle and $BC$ be $B$ and $Y$. Let the intersections of $AC$ with $DX$ and $DY$ be $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Express $\frac{OQ}{OP}$ in terms of $t$.
2003 FKMO problem 4
Let $P$, $Q$, and $R$ be the points where the incircle of a triangle $ABC$ touches the sides $AB$, $BC$, and $CA$, respectively. Prove the inequality $\frac{BC} {PQ} + \frac{CA} {QR} + \frac{AB} {RP} \geq 6$
Let $P$, $Q$, and $R$ be the points where the incircle of a triangle $ABC$ touches the sides $AB$, $BC$, and $CA$, respectively. Prove the inequality $\frac{BC} {PQ} + \frac{CA} {QR} + \frac{AB} {RP} \geq 6$
2004 FKMO problem 1
An isosceles triangle with $AB=AC$ has an inscribed circle $O$, which touches its sides $BC,CA,AB$ at $K,L,M$ respectively. The lines $OL$ and $KM$ intersect at $N$; the lines $BN$ and $CA$ intersect at $Q$. Let $P$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $A$ on $BQ$. Suppose that $BP=AP+2\cdot PQ$. Then, what values can the ratio $\frac{AB}{BC}$ assume?
An isosceles triangle with $AB=AC$ has an inscribed circle $O$, which touches its sides $BC,CA,AB$ at $K,L,M$ respectively. The lines $OL$ and $KM$ intersect at $N$; the lines $BN$ and $CA$ intersect at $Q$. Let $P$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $A$ on $BQ$. Suppose that $BP=AP+2\cdot PQ$. Then, what values can the ratio $\frac{AB}{BC}$ assume?
2004 FKMO problem 5
An acute triangle $ABC$ has circumradius $R$, inradius $r$. $A$ is the biggest angle among $A,B,C$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and $X$ be the intersection of two lines that touches circumcircle of $ABC$ and goes through $B,C$ respectively. Prove the following inequality : $ \frac{r}{R} \geq \frac{AM}{AX}$.
An acute triangle $ABC$ has circumradius $R$, inradius $r$. $A$ is the biggest angle among $A,B,C$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and $X$ be the intersection of two lines that touches circumcircle of $ABC$ and goes through $B,C$ respectively. Prove the following inequality : $ \frac{r}{R} \geq \frac{AM}{AX}$.
2005 FKMO problem 3
In a trapezoid $ABCD$ with $AD \parallel BC , O_{1}, O_{2}, O_{3}, O_{4}$ denote the circles with diameters $AB, BC, CD, DA$, respectively. Show that there exists a circle with center inside the trapezoid which is tangent to all the four circles $O_{1},..., O_{4}$ if and only if $ABCD$ is a parallelogram.
In a trapezoid $ABCD$ with $AD \parallel BC , O_{1}, O_{2}, O_{3}, O_{4}$ denote the circles with diameters $AB, BC, CD, DA$, respectively. Show that there exists a circle with center inside the trapezoid which is tangent to all the four circles $O_{1},..., O_{4}$ if and only if $ABCD$ is a parallelogram.
2005 FKMO problem 4
In the following, the point of intersection of two lines $ g$ and $ h$ will be abbreviated as $ g\cap h$.
Suppose $ ABC$ is a triangle in which $ \angle A =90^{\circ}$ and $ \angle B > \angle C$. Let $ O$ be the circumcircle of the triangle $ ABC$. Let $ l_{A}$ and $ l_{B}$ be the tangents to the circle $ O$ at $ A$ and $ B$, respectively.
Let $ BC \cap l_{A} =S$ and $ AC \cap l_{B} = D$. Furthermore, let $ AB \cap DS =E$, and let $ CE \cap l_{A}=T$. Denote by $ P$ the foot of the perpendicular from $ E$ on $ l_{A}$. Denote by $ Q$ the point of intersection of the line $ CP$ with the circle $ O$ (different from $ C$). Denote by $ R$ be the point of intersection of the line $ QT$ with the circle $ O$ (different from $ Q$). Finally, define $ U = BR \cap l_{A}$. Prove that
$ \frac {SU \cdot SP}{TU \cdot TP} = \frac {SA^{2}}{TA^{2}}.$
In the following, the point of intersection of two lines $ g$ and $ h$ will be abbreviated as $ g\cap h$.
Suppose $ ABC$ is a triangle in which $ \angle A =90^{\circ}$ and $ \angle B > \angle C$. Let $ O$ be the circumcircle of the triangle $ ABC$. Let $ l_{A}$ and $ l_{B}$ be the tangents to the circle $ O$ at $ A$ and $ B$, respectively.
Let $ BC \cap l_{A} =S$ and $ AC \cap l_{B} = D$. Furthermore, let $ AB \cap DS =E$, and let $ CE \cap l_{A}=T$. Denote by $ P$ the foot of the perpendicular from $ E$ on $ l_{A}$. Denote by $ Q$ the point of intersection of the line $ CP$ with the circle $ O$ (different from $ C$). Denote by $ R$ be the point of intersection of the line $ QT$ with the circle $ O$ (different from $ Q$). Finally, define $ U = BR \cap l_{A}$. Prove that
$ \frac {SU \cdot SP}{TU \cdot TP} = \frac {SA^{2}}{TA^{2}}.$
2006 FKMO problem 1
In a triangle $ABC$ with $AB\not = AC$, the incircle touches the sides $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$ , respectively. Line $AD$ meets the incircle again at $P$ . The line $EF$ and the line through $P$ perpendicular to $AD$ meet at $Q$. Line $AQ$ intersects $DE$ at $X$ and $DF$ at $Y$ . Prove that $A$ is the midpoint of $XY$.
In a triangle $ABC$ with $AB\not = AC$, the incircle touches the sides $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$ , respectively. Line $AD$ meets the incircle again at $P$ . The line $EF$ and the line through $P$ perpendicular to $AD$ meet at $Q$. Line $AQ$ intersects $DE$ at $X$ and $DF$ at $Y$ . Prove that $A$ is the midpoint of $XY$.
2006 FKMO problem 5
In a convex hexagon $ABCDEF$ triangles $ABC , CDE , EFA$ are similar. Find conditions on these triangles under which triangle $ACE$ is equilateral if and only if so is $BDF.$
In a convex hexagon $ABCDEF$ triangles $ABC , CDE , EFA$ are similar. Find conditions on these triangles under which triangle $ACE$ is equilateral if and only if so is $BDF.$
2007 FKMO problem 1
Let $ O$ be the circumcenter of an acute triangle $ ABC$ and let $ k$ be the circle with center $ P$ that is tangent to $ O$ at $ A$ and tangent to side $ BC$ at $ D$. Circle $ k$ meets $ AB$ and $ AC$ again at $ E$ and $ F$ respectively. The lines $ OP$ and $ EP$ meet $ k$ again at $ I$ and $ G$. Lines $ BO$ and $ IG$ intersect at $ H$. Prove that $ \frac{{DF}^2}{AF}=GH$.
Let $ O$ be the circumcenter of an acute triangle $ ABC$ and let $ k$ be the circle with center $ P$ that is tangent to $ O$ at $ A$ and tangent to side $ BC$ at $ D$. Circle $ k$ meets $ AB$ and $ AC$ again at $ E$ and $ F$ respectively. The lines $ OP$ and $ EP$ meet $ k$ again at $ I$ and $ G$. Lines $ BO$ and $ IG$ intersect at $ H$. Prove that $ \frac{{DF}^2}{AF}=GH$.
2007 FKMO problem 5
For the vertex $ A$ of a triangle $ ABC$, let $ l_a$ be the distance between the projections on $ AB$ and $ AC$ of the intersection of the angle bisector of ∠$ A$ with side $ BC$. Define $ l_b$ and $ l_c$ analogously. If $ l$ is the perimeter of triangle $ ABC$, prove that $ \frac{l_a l_b l_c}{l^3}\le\frac{1}{64}$.
For the vertex $ A$ of a triangle $ ABC$, let $ l_a$ be the distance between the projections on $ AB$ and $ AC$ of the intersection of the angle bisector of ∠$ A$ with side $ BC$. Define $ l_b$ and $ l_c$ analogously. If $ l$ is the perimeter of triangle $ ABC$, prove that $ \frac{l_a l_b l_c}{l^3}\le\frac{1}{64}$.
2008 FKMO problem 1
Hexagon $ABCDEF$ is inscribed in a circle $O$. Let $BD \cap CF = G, AC \cap BE = H, AD \cap CE = I$ . Following conditions are satisfied.$BD \perp CF , CI=AI$ . Prove that $CH=AH+DE$ is equivalent to $GH \times BD = BC \times DE$
Hexagon $ABCDEF$ is inscribed in a circle $O$. Let $BD \cap CF = G, AC \cap BE = H, AD \cap CE = I$ . Following conditions are satisfied.$BD \perp CF , CI=AI$ . Prove that $CH=AH+DE$ is equivalent to $GH \times BD = BC \times DE$
2008 FKMO problem 5
Quadrilateral $ABCD$ is inscribed in a circle $O$. Let $AB\cap CD=E$ and $P\in BC, EP\perp BC$, $R\in AD, ER\perp AD$, $EP\cap AD=Q, ER\cap BC=S$ .Let $K$ be the midpoint of $QS$ . Prove that $E, K, O$ are collinear.
Quadrilateral $ABCD$ is inscribed in a circle $O$. Let $AB\cap CD=E$ and $P\in BC, EP\perp BC$, $R\in AD, ER\perp AD$, $EP\cap AD=Q, ER\cap BC=S$ .Let $K$ be the midpoint of $QS$ . Prove that $E, K, O$ are collinear.
2009 FKMO problem 2
$ABC$ is an obtuse triangle. (angle $B$ is obtuse) Its circumcircle is $O$. A tangent line for $O$ passing $C$ meets with $AB$ at $B_1$. Let $O_1$ be a circumcenter of triangle $AB_1C$. $B_2$ is a point on the segment $BB_1$. Let $C_1$ be a contact point of the tangent line for $O$ passing $B_2$, which is more closer to $C$. Let $O_2$ be a circumcenter of triangle $AB_2C_1$. Prove that if $OO_2$ and $AO_1$ is perpendicular, then five points $O,O_2,O_1,C_1,C$ are concyclic.
$ABC$ is an obtuse triangle. (angle $B$ is obtuse) Its circumcircle is $O$. A tangent line for $O$ passing $C$ meets with $AB$ at $B_1$. Let $O_1$ be a circumcenter of triangle $AB_1C$. $B_2$ is a point on the segment $BB_1$. Let $C_1$ be a contact point of the tangent line for $O$ passing $B_2$, which is more closer to $C$. Let $O_2$ be a circumcenter of triangle $AB_2C_1$. Prove that if $OO_2$ and $AO_1$ is perpendicular, then five points $O,O_2,O_1,C_1,C$ are concyclic.
2009 FKMO problem 4
$ABC$ is an acute triangle. (angle $C$ is bigger than angle $B$) Let $O$ be a center of the circle which passes $B$ and tangents to $AC$ at $C$. $O$ meets the segment $AB$ at $D$. $CO$ meets the circle $(O)$ again at $P$, a line, which passes $P$ and parallel to $AO$, meets $AC$ at $E$, and $EB$ meets the circle $(O)$ again at $L$. A perpendicular bisector of $BD$ meets $AC$ at $F$ and $LF$ meets $CD$ at $K$. Prove that two lines $EK$ and $CL$ are parallel.
$ABC$ is an acute triangle. (angle $C$ is bigger than angle $B$) Let $O$ be a center of the circle which passes $B$ and tangents to $AC$ at $C$. $O$ meets the segment $AB$ at $D$. $CO$ meets the circle $(O)$ again at $P$, a line, which passes $P$ and parallel to $AO$, meets $AC$ at $E$, and $EB$ meets the circle $(O)$ again at $L$. A perpendicular bisector of $BD$ meets $AC$ at $F$ and $LF$ meets $CD$ at $K$. Prove that two lines $EK$ and $CL$ are parallel.
2010 FKMO problem 2
Let $ I$ be the incentre and $ O$ the circumcentre of a given acute triangle $ ABC$. The incircle is tangent to $ BC$ at $ D$. Assume that $ \angle B < \angle C$ and the segments $ AO$ and $ HD$ are parallel, where $H$ is the orthocentre of triangle $ABC$. Let the intersection of the line $ OD$ and $ AH$ be $ E$. If the midpoint of $ CI$ is $ F$, prove that $ E,F,I,O$ are concyclic.
Let $ I$ be the incentre and $ O$ the circumcentre of a given acute triangle $ ABC$. The incircle is tangent to $ BC$ at $ D$. Assume that $ \angle B < \angle C$ and the segments $ AO$ and $ HD$ are parallel, where $H$ is the orthocentre of triangle $ABC$. Let the intersection of the line $ OD$ and $ AH$ be $ E$. If the midpoint of $ CI$ is $ F$, prove that $ E,F,I,O$ are concyclic.
2010 FKMO problem 4
Given is a trapezoid $ ABCD$ where $ AB$ and $ CD$ are parallel, and $ A,B,C,D$ are clockwise in this order. Let $ \Gamma_1$ be the circle with center $ A$ passing through $ B$, $ \Gamma_2$ be the circle with center $ C$ passing through $ D$. The intersection of line $ BD$ and $ \Gamma_1$ is $ P$ $ ( \ne B,D)$. Denote by $ \Gamma$ the circle with diameter $ PD$, and let $ \Gamma$ and $ \Gamma_1$ meet at $ X$$ ( \ne P)$. $ \Gamma$ and $ \Gamma_2$ meet at $ Y$. If the circumcircle of triangle $ XBY$ and $ \Gamma_2$ meet at $ Q$, prove that $ B,D,Q$ are collinear.
Given is a trapezoid $ ABCD$ where $ AB$ and $ CD$ are parallel, and $ A,B,C,D$ are clockwise in this order. Let $ \Gamma_1$ be the circle with center $ A$ passing through $ B$, $ \Gamma_2$ be the circle with center $ C$ passing through $ D$. The intersection of line $ BD$ and $ \Gamma_1$ is $ P$ $ ( \ne B,D)$. Denote by $ \Gamma$ the circle with diameter $ PD$, and let $ \Gamma$ and $ \Gamma_1$ meet at $ X$$ ( \ne P)$. $ \Gamma$ and $ \Gamma_2$ meet at $ Y$. If the circumcircle of triangle $ XBY$ and $ \Gamma_2$ meet at $ Q$, prove that $ B,D,Q$ are collinear.
2011 FKMO problem 2
$ABC$ is an acute triangle. $P$(different from $B,C$) is a point on side $BC$. $H$ is an orthocenter, and $D$ is a foot of perpendicular from $H$ to $AP$. The circumcircle of the triangle $ABD$ and $ACD$ is $O _1$ and $O_2$, respectively. A line $l$ parallel to $BC$ passes $D$ and meet $O_1$ and $O_2$ again at $X$ and $Y$, respectively. $l$ meets $AB$ at $E$, and $AC$ at $F$. Two lines $XB$ and $YC$ intersect at $Z$. Prove that $ZE=ZF$ is a necessary and sufficient condition for $BP=CP$.
$ABC$ is an acute triangle. $P$(different from $B,C$) is a point on side $BC$. $H$ is an orthocenter, and $D$ is a foot of perpendicular from $H$ to $AP$. The circumcircle of the triangle $ABD$ and $ACD$ is $O _1$ and $O_2$, respectively. A line $l$ parallel to $BC$ passes $D$ and meet $O_1$ and $O_2$ again at $X$ and $Y$, respectively. $l$ meets $AB$ at $E$, and $AC$ at $F$. Two lines $XB$ and $YC$ intersect at $Z$. Prove that $ZE=ZF$ is a necessary and sufficient condition for $BP=CP$.
2011 FKMO problem 5
$ABC$ is a triangle such that $AC<AB<BC$ and $D$ is a point on side $AB$ satisfying $AC=AD$. The circumcircle of $ABC$ meets with the bisector of angle $A$ again at $E$ and meets with $CD$ again at $F$. $K$ is an intersection point of $BC$ and $DE$. Prove that $CK=AC$ is a necessary and sufficient condition for $DK \cdot EF = AC \cdot DF$.
2012 FKMO problem 2
For a triangle $ ABC $ which $ \angle B \ne 90^{\circ} $ and $ AB \ne AC $, define $ P_{ABC} $ as follows ;
Let $ I $ be the incenter of triangle $ABC$, and let $ D, E, F $ be the intersection points with the incircle and segments $ BC, CA, AB $. Two lines $ AB $ and $ DI $ meet at $ S $ and let $ T $ be the intersection point of line $ DE $ and the line which is perpendicular with $ DF $ at $ F $. The line $ ST $ intersects line $ EF $ at $ R$. Now define $ P_{ABC} $ be one of the intersection points of the incircle and the circle with diameter $ IR $, which is located in other side with $ A $ about $ IR $.
Now think of an isosceles triangle $ XYZ $ such that $ XZ = YZ > XY $. Let $ W $ be the point on the side $ YZ $ such that $ WY < XY $ and Let $ K = P_{YXW} $ and $ L = P_{ZXW} $. Prove that $ 2 KL \le XY $
$ABC$ is a triangle such that $AC<AB<BC$ and $D$ is a point on side $AB$ satisfying $AC=AD$. The circumcircle of $ABC$ meets with the bisector of angle $A$ again at $E$ and meets with $CD$ again at $F$. $K$ is an intersection point of $BC$ and $DE$. Prove that $CK=AC$ is a necessary and sufficient condition for $DK \cdot EF = AC \cdot DF$.
2012 FKMO problem 2
For a triangle $ ABC $ which $ \angle B \ne 90^{\circ} $ and $ AB \ne AC $, define $ P_{ABC} $ as follows ;
Let $ I $ be the incenter of triangle $ABC$, and let $ D, E, F $ be the intersection points with the incircle and segments $ BC, CA, AB $. Two lines $ AB $ and $ DI $ meet at $ S $ and let $ T $ be the intersection point of line $ DE $ and the line which is perpendicular with $ DF $ at $ F $. The line $ ST $ intersects line $ EF $ at $ R$. Now define $ P_{ABC} $ be one of the intersection points of the incircle and the circle with diameter $ IR $, which is located in other side with $ A $ about $ IR $.
Now think of an isosceles triangle $ XYZ $ such that $ XZ = YZ > XY $. Let $ W $ be the point on the side $ YZ $ such that $ WY < XY $ and Let $ K = P_{YXW} $ and $ L = P_{ZXW} $. Prove that $ 2 KL \le XY $
2012 FKMO problem 4
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Let $ H $ be the foot of perpendicular from $ A $ to $ BC $. $ D, E $ are the points on $ AB, AC $ and let $ F, G $ be the foot of perpendicular from $ D, E $ to $ BC $. Assume that $ DG \cap EF $ is on $ AH $. Let $ P $ be the foot of perpendicular from $ E $ to $ DH $. Prove that $ \angle APE = \angle CPE $.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Let $ H $ be the foot of perpendicular from $ A $ to $ BC $. $ D, E $ are the points on $ AB, AC $ and let $ F, G $ be the foot of perpendicular from $ D, E $ to $ BC $. Assume that $ DG \cap EF $ is on $ AH $. Let $ P $ be the foot of perpendicular from $ E $ to $ DH $. Prove that $ \angle APE = \angle CPE $.
2013 FKMO problem 1
For a triangle $ \triangle ABC (\angle B > \angle C) $, $ D $ is a point on $ AC $ satisfying $ \angle ABD = \angle C $. Let $ I $ be the incenter of $ \triangle ABC $, and circumcircle of $ \triangle CDI $ meets $ AI $ at $ E ( \ne I )$. The line passing $ E $ and parallel to $ AB $ meets the line $ BD $ at $ P $. Let $ J $ be the incenter of $ \triangle ABD $, and $ A' $ be the point such that $ AI = IA' $. Let $ Q $ be the intersection point of $ JP $ and $ A'C $. Prove that $ QJ = QA' $.
For a triangle $ \triangle ABC (\angle B > \angle C) $, $ D $ is a point on $ AC $ satisfying $ \angle ABD = \angle C $. Let $ I $ be the incenter of $ \triangle ABC $, and circumcircle of $ \triangle CDI $ meets $ AI $ at $ E ( \ne I )$. The line passing $ E $ and parallel to $ AB $ meets the line $ BD $ at $ P $. Let $ J $ be the incenter of $ \triangle ABD $, and $ A' $ be the point such that $ AI = IA' $. Let $ Q $ be the intersection point of $ JP $ and $ A'C $. Prove that $ QJ = QA' $.
2013 FKMO problem 4
For a triangle $ ABC $, let $ B_1 ,C_1 $ be the excenters of $ B, C $. Line $B_1 C_1 $ meets with the circumcircle of $ \triangle ABC $ at point $ D (\ne A) $. $ E $ is the point which satisfies $ B_1 E \bot CA $ and $ C_1 E \bot AB $. Let $ w $ be the circumcircle of $ \triangle ADE $. The tangent to the circle $ w $ at $ D $ meets $ AE $ at $ F $. $ G , H $ are the points on $ AE, w $ such that $ DGH \bot AE $. The circumcircle of $ \triangle HGF $ meets $ w $ at point $ I ( \ne H ) $, and $ J $ be the foot of perpendicular from $ D $ to $ AH $. Prove that $ AI $ passes the midpoint of $ DJ $
For a triangle $ ABC $, let $ B_1 ,C_1 $ be the excenters of $ B, C $. Line $B_1 C_1 $ meets with the circumcircle of $ \triangle ABC $ at point $ D (\ne A) $. $ E $ is the point which satisfies $ B_1 E \bot CA $ and $ C_1 E \bot AB $. Let $ w $ be the circumcircle of $ \triangle ADE $. The tangent to the circle $ w $ at $ D $ meets $ AE $ at $ F $. $ G , H $ are the points on $ AE, w $ such that $ DGH \bot AE $. The circumcircle of $ \triangle HGF $ meets $ w $ at point $ I ( \ne H ) $, and $ J $ be the foot of perpendicular from $ D $ to $ AH $. Prove that $ AI $ passes the midpoint of $ DJ $
2014 FKMO problem 2
Let $ABC$ be a isosceles triangle with $ AC = BC > AB$. Let $ E, F $ be the midpoints of segments $ AC, AB$, and let $l$ be the perpendicular bisector of $AC$. Let $ l $ meets $ AB$ at $K$, the line through $B$ parallel to $KC$ meets $AC$ at point $L$, and line $FL$ meets $ l$ at $W$. Let $ P $ be a point on segment $BF$. Let $H$ be the orthocenter of triangle $ACP$ and line $BH$ and $CP$ meet at point $J$. Line $FJ$ meets $l$ at $M$. Prove that $ AW = PW $ if and only if $B$ lies on the circumcircle of $EFM$.
Let $ABC$ be a isosceles triangle with $ AC = BC > AB$. Let $ E, F $ be the midpoints of segments $ AC, AB$, and let $l$ be the perpendicular bisector of $AC$. Let $ l $ meets $ AB$ at $K$, the line through $B$ parallel to $KC$ meets $AC$ at point $L$, and line $FL$ meets $ l$ at $W$. Let $ P $ be a point on segment $BF$. Let $H$ be the orthocenter of triangle $ACP$ and line $BH$ and $CP$ meet at point $J$. Line $FJ$ meets $l$ at $M$. Prove that $ AW = PW $ if and only if $B$ lies on the circumcircle of $EFM$.
2014 FKMO problem 4
Let $ ABC $ be a isosceles triangle with $ AC=BC$. Let $ D $ a point on a line $ BA $ such that $ A $ lies between $ B, D $. Let $O_1 $ be the circumcircle of triangle $ DAC $. $ O_1 $ meets $ BC $ at point $ E $. Let $ F $ be the point on $ BC $ such that $ FD $ is tangent to circle $O_1 $, and let $O_2 $ be the circumcircle of $ DBF$. Two circles $O_1 , O_2 $ meet at point $ G ( \ne D) $. Let $ O $ be the circumcenter of triangle $ BEG$. Prove that the line $FG$ is tangent to circle $O$ if and only if $ DG \bot FO$.
2015 FKMO problem 2
In a triangle $\triangle ABC$ with incenter $I$, the incircle meets lines $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$ respectively. Define the circumcenter of $\triangle IAB$ and $\triangle IAC$ $O_1$ and $O_2$ respectively. Let the two intersections of the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ and line $EF$ be $P, Q$. Prove that the circumcenter of $\triangle DPQ$ lies on the line $O_1O_2$.
Let $ ABC $ be a isosceles triangle with $ AC=BC$. Let $ D $ a point on a line $ BA $ such that $ A $ lies between $ B, D $. Let $O_1 $ be the circumcircle of triangle $ DAC $. $ O_1 $ meets $ BC $ at point $ E $. Let $ F $ be the point on $ BC $ such that $ FD $ is tangent to circle $O_1 $, and let $O_2 $ be the circumcircle of $ DBF$. Two circles $O_1 , O_2 $ meet at point $ G ( \ne D) $. Let $ O $ be the circumcenter of triangle $ BEG$. Prove that the line $FG$ is tangent to circle $O$ if and only if $ DG \bot FO$.
2015 FKMO problem 2
In a triangle $\triangle ABC$ with incenter $I$, the incircle meets lines $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$ respectively. Define the circumcenter of $\triangle IAB$ and $\triangle IAC$ $O_1$ and $O_2$ respectively. Let the two intersections of the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ and line $EF$ be $P, Q$. Prove that the circumcenter of $\triangle DPQ$ lies on the line $O_1O_2$.
2015 FKMO problem 4
$\triangle ABC$ is an acute triangle and its orthocenter is $H$. The circumcircle of $\triangle ABH$ intersects line $BC$ at $D$. Lines $DH$ and $AC$ meets at $P$, and the circumcenter of $\triangle ADP$ is $Q$. Prove that the circumcenter of $\triangle ABH$ lies on the circumcircle of $\triangle BDQ$.
$\triangle ABC$ is an acute triangle and its orthocenter is $H$. The circumcircle of $\triangle ABH$ intersects line $BC$ at $D$. Lines $DH$ and $AC$ meets at $P$, and the circumcenter of $\triangle ADP$ is $Q$. Prove that the circumcenter of $\triangle ABH$ lies on the circumcircle of $\triangle BDQ$.
2016 FKMO problem 1
In a acute triangle $\triangle ABC$, denote $D, E$ as the foot of the perpendicular from $B$ to $AC$ and $C$ to $AB$. Denote the reflection of $E$ with respect to $AC, BC$ as $S, T$. The circumcircle of $\triangle CST$ hits $AC$ at point $X (\not= C)$. Denote the circumcenter of $\triangle CST$ as $O$. Prove that $XO \perp DE$.
In a acute triangle $\triangle ABC$, denote $D, E$ as the foot of the perpendicular from $B$ to $AC$ and $C$ to $AB$. Denote the reflection of $E$ with respect to $AC, BC$ as $S, T$. The circumcircle of $\triangle CST$ hits $AC$ at point $X (\not= C)$. Denote the circumcenter of $\triangle CST$ as $O$. Prove that $XO \perp DE$.
2016 FKMO problem 5
An acute triangle $\triangle ABC$ has incenter $I$, and the incircle hits $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$.
Lines $BI, CI, BC, DI$ hits $EF$ at $K, L, M, Q$ and the line connecting the midpoint of segment $CL$ and $M$ hits the line segment $CK$ at $P$. Prove that $PQ=\frac{AB \cdot KQ}{BI}$
An acute triangle $\triangle ABC$ has incenter $I$, and the incircle hits $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$.
Lines $BI, CI, BC, DI$ hits $EF$ at $K, L, M, Q$ and the line connecting the midpoint of segment $CL$ and $M$ hits the line segment $CK$ at $P$. Prove that $PQ=\frac{AB \cdot KQ}{BI}$
2017 FKMO problem 1
A acute triangle $\triangle ABC$ has circumcenter $O$. The circumcircle of $OAB$, called $O_1$, and the circumcircle of $OAC$, called $O_2$, meets $BC$ again at $D ( \not=B )$ and $E ( \not= C )$ respectively. The perpendicular bisector of $BC$ hits $AC$ again at $F$. Prove that the circumcenter of $\triangle ADE$ lies on $AC$ if and only if the centers of $O_1, O_2$ and $F$ are colinear.
A acute triangle $\triangle ABC$ has circumcenter $O$. The circumcircle of $OAB$, called $O_1$, and the circumcircle of $OAC$, called $O_2$, meets $BC$ again at $D ( \not=B )$ and $E ( \not= C )$ respectively. The perpendicular bisector of $BC$ hits $AC$ again at $F$. Prove that the circumcenter of $\triangle ADE$ lies on $AC$ if and only if the centers of $O_1, O_2$ and $F$ are colinear.
2017 FKMO problem 5
Let there be cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $L$ as the midpoint of $AB$ and $M$ as the midpoint of $CD$. Let $AC \cap BD = E$, and let rays $AB$ and $DC$ meet again at $F$. Let $LM \cap DE = P$. Let $Q$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $P$ to $EM$. If the orthocenter of $\triangle FLM$ is $E$, prove the following equality: $\frac{EP^2}{EQ} = \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{BD^2}{DF} - \frac{BC^2}{CF} \right)$
2018 FKMO problem 2
Triangle $ABC$ satisfies $\angle C=90^{\circ}$. A circle passing $A,B$ meets segment $AC$ at $G(\neq A,C)$ and it meets segment $BC$ at point $D(\neq B)$. Segment $AD$ cuts segment $BG$ at $H$, and let $l$, the perpendicular bisector of segment $AD$, cuts the perpendicular bisector of segment $AB$ at point $E$. A line passing $D$ is perpendicular to $DE$ and cuts $l$ at point $F$. If the circumcircle of triangle $CFH$ cuts $AC$, $BC$ at $P(\neq C),Q(\neq C)$ respectively, then prove that $PQ$ is perpendicular to $FH$.
Let there be cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $L$ as the midpoint of $AB$ and $M$ as the midpoint of $CD$. Let $AC \cap BD = E$, and let rays $AB$ and $DC$ meet again at $F$. Let $LM \cap DE = P$. Let $Q$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $P$ to $EM$. If the orthocenter of $\triangle FLM$ is $E$, prove the following equality: $\frac{EP^2}{EQ} = \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{BD^2}{DF} - \frac{BC^2}{CF} \right)$
2018 FKMO problem 2
Triangle $ABC$ satisfies $\angle C=90^{\circ}$. A circle passing $A,B$ meets segment $AC$ at $G(\neq A,C)$ and it meets segment $BC$ at point $D(\neq B)$. Segment $AD$ cuts segment $BG$ at $H$, and let $l$, the perpendicular bisector of segment $AD$, cuts the perpendicular bisector of segment $AB$ at point $E$. A line passing $D$ is perpendicular to $DE$ and cuts $l$ at point $F$. If the circumcircle of triangle $CFH$ cuts $AC$, $BC$ at $P(\neq C),Q(\neq C)$ respectively, then prove that $PQ$ is perpendicular to $FH$.
2018 FKMO problem 4
Triangle $ABC$ satisfies $\angle ABC < \angle BCA < \angle CAB < 90^{\circ}$. $O$ is the circumcenter of triangle $ABC$, and $K$ is the reflection of $O$ in $BC$. $D,E$ is the foot of perpendicular line from $K$ to line $AB$, $AC$, respectively. Line $DE$ meets $BC$ at $P$, and a circle with diameter $AK$ meets the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ at $Q(\neq A)$. If $PQ$ cuts the perpendicular bisector of $BC$ at $S$, then prove that $S$ lies on the circle with diameter $AK$.
2019 FKMO problem 4
Let triangle $ABC$ be an acute scalene triangle with orthocenter $H$. The foot of perpendicular from $A$ to $BC$ is $O$, and denote $K,L$ by the midpoints of $AB, AC$, respectively. For a point $D(\neq O,B,C)$ on segment $BC$, let $E,F$ be the orthocenters of triangles $ABD, ACD$, respectively, and denote $M,N$ by the midpoints of $DE,DF$. The perpendicular line from $M$ to $KH$ cuts the perpendicular line from $N$ to $LH$ at $P$. If $Q$ is the midpoint of $EF$, and $S$ is the orthocenter of triangle $HPQ$, then prove that as $D$ varies on $BC$, the ratio $\frac{OS}{OH}$, $\frac{OQ}{OP}$ remains constant.
For a rectangle $ABCD$ which is not a square, there is $O$ such that $O$ is on the perpendicular bisector of $BD$ and $O$ is in the interior of $\triangle BCD$. Denote by $E$ and $F$ the second intersections of the circle centered at $O$ passing through $B, D$ and $AB, AD$. $BF$ and $DE$ meets at $G$, and $X, Y, Z$ are the foots of the perpendiculars from $G$ to $AB, BD, DA$. $L, M, N$ are the foots of the perpendiculars from $O$ to $CD, BD, BC$. $XY$ and $ML$ meets at $P$, $YZ$ and $MN$ meets at $Q$. Prove that $BP$ and $DQ$ are parallel.
Let triangle $ABC$ be an acute scalene triangle with orthocenter $H$. The foot of perpendicular from $A$ to $BC$ is $O$, and denote $K,L$ by the midpoints of $AB, AC$, respectively. For a point $D(\neq O,B,C)$ on segment $BC$, let $E,F$ be the orthocenters of triangles $ABD, ACD$, respectively, and denote $M,N$ by the midpoints of $DE,DF$. The perpendicular line from $M$ to $KH$ cuts the perpendicular line from $N$ to $LH$ at $P$. If $Q$ is the midpoint of $EF$, and $S$ is the orthocenter of triangle $HPQ$, then prove that as $D$ varies on $BC$, the ratio $\frac{OS}{OH}$, $\frac{OQ}{OP}$ remains constant.
2020 FKMO problem 1
2020 FKMO problem 5
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle such that $\overline{AB}=\overline{AC}$. Let $M, L, N$ be the midpoints of segment $BC, AM, AC$, respectively. The circumcircle of triangle $AMC$, denoted by $\Omega$, meets segment $AB$ at $P(\neq A)$, and the segment $BL$ at $Q$. Let $O$ be the circumcenter of triangle $BQC$. Suppose that the lines $AC$ and $PQ$ meet at $X$, $OB$ and $LN$ meet at $Y$, and $BQ$ and $CO$ meets at $Z$. Prove that the points $X, Y, Z$ are collinear.
Let $ABCD$ be an isosceles trapezoid such that $AB \parallel CD$ and $\overline{AD}=\overline{BC}, \overline{AB}>\overline{CD}$. Let $E$ be a point such that $\overline{EC}=\overline{AC}$ and $EC \perp BC$, and $\angle ACE<90^{\circ}$. Let $\Gamma$ be a circle with center $D$ and radius $DA$, and $\Omega$ be the circumcircle of triangle $AEB$. Suppose that $\Gamma$ meets $\Omega$ again at $F(\neq A)$, and let $G$ be a point on $\Gamma$ such that $\overline{BF}=\overline{BG}$. Prove that the lines $EG, BD$ meet on $\Omega$.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle such that $\overline{AB}=\overline{AC}$. Let $M, L, N$ be the midpoints of segment $BC, AM, AC$, respectively. The circumcircle of triangle $AMC$, denoted by $\Omega$, meets segment $AB$ at $P(\neq A)$, and the segment $BL$ at $Q$. Let $O$ be the circumcenter of triangle $BQC$. Suppose that the lines $AC$ and $PQ$ meet at $X$, $OB$ and $LN$ meet at $Y$, and $BQ$ and $CO$ meets at $Z$. Prove that the points $X, Y, Z$ are collinear.
An acute triangle $\triangle ABC$ and its incenter $I$, circumcenter $O$ is given. The line that is perpendicular to $AI$ and passes $I$ intersects with $AB$, $AC$ in $D$,$E$. The line that is parallel to $BI$ and passes $D$ and the line that is parallel to $CI$ and passes $E$ intersects in $F$. Denote the circumcircle of $DEF$ as $\omega$, and its center as $K$. $\omega$ and $FI$ intersect in $P$($\neq F$). Prove that $O,K,P$ is collinear.
The incenter and $A$-excenter of $\triangle{ABC}$ is $I$ and $O$. The foot from $A,I$ to $BC$ is $D$ and $E$. The intersection of $AD$ and $EO$ is $X$. The circumcenter of $\triangle{BXC}$ is $P$. Show that the circumcircle of $\triangle{BPC}$ is tangent to the $A$-excircle if $X$ is on the incircle of $\triangle{ABC}$.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with circumcenter $O$, and let $D$, $E$, and $F$ be the feet of altitudes from $A$, $B$, and $C$ to sides $BC$, $CA$, and $AB$, respectively. Denote by $P$ the intersection of the tangents to the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $B$ and $C$. The line through $P$ perpendicular to $EF$ meets $AD$ at $Q$, and let $R$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $A$ to $EF$. Prove that $DR$ and $OQ$ are parallel.
Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle with incenter $I$ and let $AI$ meet the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ again at $M$. The incircle $\omega$ of triangle $ABC$ is tangent to sides $AB, AC$ at $D, E$, respectively. Let $O$ be the circumcenter of triangle $BDE$ and let $L$ be the intersection of $\omega$ and the altitude from $A$ to $BC$ so that $A$ and $L$ lie on the same side with respect to $DE$. Denote by $\Omega$ a circle centered at $O$ and passing through $L$, and let $AL$ meet $\Omega$ again at $N$.
Prove that the lines $LD$ and $MB$ meet on the circumcircle of triangle $LNE$.
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