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Ireland 1988 - 2021 (IRMO) 75p

geometry problems from Irish Mathematical Olympiads (IRMO)
with aops links in the names


1988 - 2021

1988 Irish Paper1 P1
A pyramid with a square base, and all its edges of length 2, is joined to a regular tetrahedron, whose edges are also of length 2, by gluing together two of the triangular faces. Find the sum of the lengths of the edges of the resulting solid.

1988 Irish Paper1 P2
A, B,C, D are the vertices of a square, and P is a point on the arc CD of its circumcircle. Prove that |PA|^2 - |PB|^2 = |PB|.|PD| -|PA|.|PC|

1988 Irish Paper1 P3
ABC is a triangle inscribed in a circle, and E is the mid-point of the arc subtended by BC on the side remote from A. If through E a diameter ED is drawn, show that the measure of the angle DEA is half the magnitude of the difference of the measures of the angles at B and C.

1988 Irish Paper2 P1
The triangles ABG and AEF are in the same plane. Between them the following conditions hold:
(a) E is the mid-point of AB;
(b) points A,G and F are on the same line;
(c) there is a point C at which BG and EF intersect;
(d) |CE|=1 and |AC|=|AE|=|FG|.
Show that if |AG|=x, then |AB|=x^3.

1989 Irish Paper1 P5
Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with right-angle at A. Let X be the foot of the perpendicular from A to BC, and Y the mid-point of XC. Let AB be extended to D so that |AB|=|BD|. Prove that DX is perpendicular to AY.

1989 Irish Paper2 P1
Suppose L is a fixed line, and A is a fixed point not on L. Let k be a fixed nonzero real number. For P a point on L, let Q be a point on the line AP with |AP|\cdot |AQ|=k^2. Determine the locus of Q as P varies along the line L.

1989 Irish Paper2 P3
Suppose P is a point in the interior of a triangle ABC, that x, y, z are the distances from P to A,B, C, respectively, and that p,q, r are the perpendicular distances from P to the sides BC,CA,AB, respectively. Prove that xyz \geq 8pqr, with equality implying that the triangle ABC is equilateral.

1990 Irish Paper1 P1
A quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed, as shown, in a square of area one unit. Prove that 2\le |AB|^2+|BC|^2+|CD|^2+|DA|^2\le 4

1991 Irish Paper1 P1
Three points X,Y and Z are given that are, respectively, the circumcenter of a triangle ABC, the mid-point of BC, and the foot of the altitude from B on AC. Show how to reconstruct the triangle ABC.

1992 Irish Paper1 P4
In a triangle ABC, the points A’, B’ and C’ on the sides opposite A ,B and C, respectively, are such that the lines AA’, BB’ and CC’ are concurrent. Prove that the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the triangle ABC equals the product |AB’|\cdot |BC’|\cdot |CA’| divided by the area of the triangle A’B’C’.

1992 Irish Paper2 P4
A convex pentagon has the property that each of its diagonals cuts off a triangle of unit area. Find the area of the pentagon.

1993 Irish Paper1 P3
A line l is tangent to a circle S at A. For any points B,C on l on opposite sides of A, let the other tangents from B and C to S intersect at a point P. If B,C vary on l so that the product AB \cdot AC is constant, find the locus of P.

1994 Irish Paper1 P2
Let A,B,C be collinear points on the plane with B between A and C. Equilateral triangles ABD,BCE,CAF are constructed with D,E on one side of the line AC and F on the other side. Prove that the centroids of the triangles are the vertices of an equilateral triangle, and that the centroid of this triangle lies on the line AC.

1995 Irish Paper1 P3
Points A,X,D lie on a line in this order, point B is on the plane such that \angle ABX>120^{\circ}, and point C is on the segment BX. Prove the inequality:
2AD \ge \sqrt{3} (AB+BC+CD).

1995 Irish Paper2 P4
Points P,Q,R are given in the plane. It is known that there is a triangle ABC such that P is the midpoint of BC, Q the point on side CA with \frac{CQ}{QA}=2, and R the point on side AB with \frac{AR}{RB}=2. Determine with proof how the triangle ABC may be reconstructed from P,Q,R.

1996 Irish Paper1 P4
Let F be the midpoint of the side BC of a triangle ABC. Isosceles right-angled triangles ABD and ACE are constructed externally on AB and AC with the right angles at D and E. Prove that the triangle DEF is right-angled and isosceles.

1996 Irish Paper2 P4
In an acute-angled triangle ABC, D,E,F are the feet of the altitudes from A,B,C, respectively, and P,Q,R are the feet of the perpendiculars from A,B,C onto EF,FD,DE, respectively. Prove that the lines AP,BQ,CR are concurrent.

1997 Irish Paper1 P2
For a point M inside an equilateral triangle ABC, let D,E,F be the feet of the perpendiculars from M onto BC,CA,AB, respectively. Find the locus of all such points M for which \angle FDE is a right angle.

1997 Irish Paper2 P2
A circle \Gamma is inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD. If \angle A=\angle B=120^{\circ}, \angle D=90^{\circ} and BC=1, find, with proof, the length of AD.

1998 Irish Paper1 P2
The distances from a point P inside an equilateral triangle to the vertices of the triangle are 3,4, and 5. Find the area of the triangle.

1999 Irish Paper1 P3
If AD is the altitude, BE the angle bisector, and CF the median of a triangle ABC, prove that AD,BE, and CF are concurrent if and only if a^2(a\mp c) = (b^2- c^2)(a \pm c)
where a,b,c are the lengths of the sides BC,CA,AB, respectively.

1999 Irish Paper2 P5
A convex hexagon ABCDEF satisfies AB=BC, CD=DE, EF=FA and: \angle ABC+\angle CDE+\angle EFA = 360^{\circ}. Prove that the perpendiculars from A,C and E to FB,BD and DF respectively are concurrent.

2000 Irish Paper1 P2
Let ABCDE be a regular pentagon of side length 1. Let F be the midpoint of AB and let G and H be the points on sides CD and DE respectively \angle GFD = \angle HFD = 30^{\circ}. Show that the triangle GFH is equilateral. A square of side a is inscribed in \triangle GFH with one side of the square along GH. Prove that:
FG = t = \frac {2 \cos 18^{\circ} \cos^2 36^{\circ}}{\cos 6^{\circ}} and a = \frac {t \sqrt {3}}{2 + \sqrt {3}}.

2000 Irish Paper2 P2
In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, a,b,c,d are its side lengths, Q its area, and R its circumradius. Prove that R^2=\frac{(ab+cd)(ac+bd)(ad+bc)}{16Q^2}.
Deduce that R \ge \frac{(abcd)^{\frac{3}{4}}}{Q\sqrt{2}} with equality if and only if ABCD is a square.

2001 Irish Paper1 P2
Let ABC be a triangle with sides BC=a, CA=b,AB=c and let D and E be the midpoints of AC and AB, respectively. Prove that the medians BD and CE are perpendicular to each other if and only if b^2+c^2=5a^2.

2001 Irish Paper2 P3
In an acute-angled triangle ABC, D is the foot of the altitude from A, and P a point on segment AD. The lines BP and CP meet AC and AB at E and F respectively. Prove that AD bisects the angle EDF.

2002 Irish Paper1 P1
In a triangle ABC with AB=20, AC=21 and BC=29, points D and E are taken on the segment BC such that BD=8 and EC=9. Calculate the angle \angle DAE.

2002 Irish Paper2 P5
Let ABC be a triangle with integer side lengths, and let its incircle touch BC at D and AC at E. If |AD^2-BE^2| \le 2, show that AC=BC.

2003 Irish Paper1 P2
P, Q, R and S are (distinct) points on a circle. PS is a diameter and QR is parallel to the diameter PS. PR and QS meet at A. Let O be the centre of the circle and let B be chosen so that the quadrilateral POAB is a parallelogram. Prove that BQ = BP .

2003 Irish Paper2 P2
\ ABCD is a quadrilateral. the feet of the perpendicular from \ D to \ AB, BC are \ P,Q respectively, and the feet of the perpendicular from \ B to \ AD,CD are \ R,S respectively. Show that if \angle PSR= \angle SPQ, then \ PR=QS.

2004 Irish Paper1 P3
AB is a chord of length 6 of a circle centred at O and of radius 5. Let PQRS denote the square inscribed in the sector OAB such that P is on the radius OA, S is on the radius OB and Q and R are points on the arc of the circle between A and B. Find the area of PQRS.
A and B are distinct points on a circle T. C is a point distinct from B such that |AB|=|AC|, and such that BC is tangent to T at B. Suppose that the bisector of \angle ABC meets AC at a point D inside T. Show that \angle ABC>72^\circ.

2005 Irish Paper1 P2
Let D,E and F be points on the sides BC,CA and AB respectively of a triangle ABC, distinct from the vertices, such that AD,BE and CF meet at a point G. Prove that if the angles AGE,CGD,BGF have equal area, then G is the centroid of \triangle ABC.

Prove that the sum of the lengths of the medians of a triangle is at least three quarters of its perimeter.

2005 Irish Paper2 P1
Let X be a point on the side AB of a triangle ABC, different from A and B. Let P and Q be the incenters of the triangles ACX and BCX respectively, and let M be the midpoint of PQ. Prove that: MC>MX.

2006 Irish Paper1 P2
P and Q are points on the equal sides AB and AC respectively of an isosceles triangle ABC such that AP=CQ. Moreover, neither P nor Q is a vertex of ABC. Prove that the circumcircle of the triangle APQ passes through the circumcenter of the triangle ABC.

2006 Irish Paper2 P2
ABC is a triangle with points D, E on BC with D nearer B; F, G on AC, with F nearer C; H, K on AB, with H nearer A. Suppose that AH=AG=1, BK=BD=2, CE=CF=4, \angle B=60^\circ and that D, E, F, G, H and K all lie on a circle. Find the radius of the incircle of triangle ABC.

2007 Irish Paper1 P3
The point P is a fixed point on a circle and Q is a fixed point on a line. The point R is a variable point on the circle such that P,Q, and R are not collinear. The circle through P,Q, and R meets the line again at V. Show that the line VR passes through a fixed point.

2007 Irish Paper2 P3
Let ABC be a triangle the lengths of whose sides BC,CA,AB, respectively, are denoted by a,b, and c. Let the internal bisectors of the angles \angle BAC, \angle ABC, \angle BCA, respectively, meet the sides BC,CA, and AB at D,E, and F. Denote the lengths of the line segments AD,BE,CF by d,e, and f, respectively. Prove that:
def=\frac{4abc(a+b+c) \Delta}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)} where \Delta stands for the area of the triangle ABC.

2008 Irish Paper1 P5
A triangle ABC has an obtuse angle at B. The perpindicular at B to AB meets AC at D, and |CD| = |AB|. Prove that |AD|^2 = |AB|.|BC| if and only if \angle CBD = 30^\circ.

2008 Irish Paper2 P2
Circles S and T intersect at P and Q, with S passing through the centre of T. Distinct points A and B lie on S, inside T, and are equidistant from the centre of T. The line PA meets T again at D. Prove that |AD| = |PB|.

2009 Irish Paper1 P2
Let ABCD be a square. The line segment AB is divided internally at H so that |AB|\cdot |BH|=|AH|^2. Let E be the midpoints of AD and X be the midpoint of AH. Let Y be a point on EB such that XY is perpendicular to BE. Prove that |XY|=|XH|.

2009 Irish Paper2 P5
In the triangle ABC we have |AB|<|AC|. The bisectors of the angles at B and C meet AC and AB at D and E respectively. BD and CE intersect at the incenter I of \triangle ABC. Prove that \angle BAC=60^\circ if and only if |IE|=|ID|

2010 Irish Paper1 P2
Let ABC be a triangle and let P denote the midpoint of the side BC. Suppose that there exist two points M and N interior to the side AB and AC respectively, such that |AD|=|DM|=2|DN|, where D is the intersection point of the lines MN and AP. Show that |AC|=|BC|.

2010 Irish Paper2 P3
In triangle ABC we have |AB|=1 and \angle ABC=120^\circ. The perpendicular line to AB at B meets AC at D such that |DC|=1. Find the length of AD.

2011 Irish Paper1 P2
Let ABC be a triangle whose side lengths are, as usual, denoted by a=|BC|, b=|CA|, c=|AB|. Denote by m_a,m_b,m_c, respectively, the lengths of the medians which connect A,B,C, respectively, with the centers of the corresponding opposite sides.
(a) Prove that 2m_a<b+c. Deduce that m_a+m_b+m_c<a+b+c.
(b) Give an example of
(i) a triangle in which m_a>\sqrt{bc};
(ii) a triangle in which m_a\le \sqrt{bc}.

2011 Irish Paper1 P4
The incircle \mathcal{C}_1 of triangle ABC touches the sides AB and AC at the points D and E, respectively. The incircle \mathcal{C}_2 of the triangle ADE touches the sides AB and AC at the points P and Q, and intersects the circle \mathcal{C}_1 at the points M and n. Prove that
(a) the center of the circle \mathcal{C}_2 lies on the circle \mathcal{C}_1.
(b) the four points M,N,P,Q in appropriate order form a rectangle if and only if twice the radius of \mathcal{C}_1 is three times the radius of \mathcal{C}_2.

2011 Irish Paper2 P3
ABCD is a rectangle. E is a point on AB between A and B, and F is a point on AD between A and D. The area of the triangle EBC is 16, the area of the triangle EAF is 12 and the area of the triangle FDC is 30. Find the area of the triangle EFC.

2012 Irish Paper1 P2
A,B,C and D are four points in that order on the circumference of a circle K. AB is perpendicular to BC and BC is perpendicular to CD. X is a point on the circumference of the circle between A and D. AX extended meets CD extended at E and DX extended meets BA extended at F. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle AXF is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle DXE and that the common tangent line passes through the center of the circle K.

Consider a triangle ABC with |AB|\neq |AC|. The angle bisector of the angle CAB intersects the circumcircle of \triangle ABC at two points A and D. The circle of center D and radius |DC| intersects the line AC at two points C and B’. The line BB’ intersects the circumcircle of \triangle ABC at B and E. Prove that B’ is the orthocenter of \triangle AED.

2013 Irish Paper1 P3
The altitudes of a triangle  \triangle ABC are used to form the sides of a second triangle  \triangle A_1B_1C_1. The altitudes of \triangle A_1B_1C_1 are then used to form the sides of a third triangle  \triangle A_2B_2C_2. Prove that  \triangle A_2B_2C_2 is similar to  \triangle ABC.


2013 Irish Paper1 P5
A, B and C are points on the circumference of a circle with centre O. Tangents are drawn to the circumcircles of triangles OAB and OAC at P and Q respectively, where P and Q are diametrically opposite O. The two tangents intersect at K. The line CA meets the circumcircle of \triangle OAB at A and X. Prove that X lies on the line KO.

The three distinct points B, C, D are collinear with C between B and D. Another point A not on
the line BD is such that |AB| = |AC| = |CD|.
Prove that ∠BAC = 36 if and only if 1/|CD|-1/|BD|=1/(|CD| + |BD|)

2014 Irish Paper1 P3
In the triangle ABC, D is the foot of the altitude from A to BC, and M is the midpoint of the line segment BC. The three angles  \angle BAD, \angle DAM and  \angle  MAC are all equal. Find the angles of the triangle ABC.

2014 Irish Paper2 P7
The square ABCD is inscribed in a circle with center O. Let E be the midpoint of AD. The line CE meets the circle again at F. The lines FB and AD meet at H. Prove HD = 2AH.

2015 Irish Paper1 P1
In the triangle ABC, the length of the altitude from A to BC is equal to 1. D is the midpoint of AC. What are the possible lengths of BD?

2015 Irish Paper1 P4
Two circles C_1 and C_2, with centres at D and E respectively, touch at B. The circle having DE as diameter intersects the circle C_1 at H and the circle C_2 at K. The points H and K both lie on the same side of the line DE. HK extended in both directions meets the circle C_1 at L and meets the circle C_2 at M. Prove that
(a) |LH| = |KM|
(b) the line through B perpendicular to DE bisects HK.

In triangle \triangle ABC, the angle \angle BAC is less than 90^o. The perpendiculars from C on AB and from B on AC intersect the circumcircle of \triangle ABC again at D and E respectively. If |DE| =|BC|, find the measure of the angle \angle BAC.

In triangle ABC we have |AB| \ne |AC|. The bisectors of \angle ABC and \angle  ACB meet AC and AB at E and F, respectively, and intersect at I. If |EI| = |FI| find the measure of \angle  BAC.

Let ABC be a triangle with |AC| \ne |BC|. Let P and Q be the intersection points of the line AB with the internal and external angle bisectors at C, so that P is between A and B. Prove that if M is any point on the circle with diameter PQ, then \angle AMP = \angle BMP.


Triangle ABC has sides a = |BC| > b = |AC|. The points K and H on the segment BC satisfy |CH| = (a + b)/3 and |CK| = (a - b)/3. If G is the centroid of triangle ABC, prove that \angle KGH = 90^o.

2016 Irish Paper2 P5
Let AE be a diameter of the circumcircle of triangle ABC. Join E to the orthocentre, H, of \triangle ABC and extend EH to meet the circle again at D. Prove that the nine point circle of \triangle ABC passes through the midpoint of HD.

Note. The nine point circle of a triangle is a circle that passes through the midpoints of the sides, the feet of the altitudes and the midpoints of the line segments that join the orthocentre to the vertices.

Four circles are drawn with the sides of quadrilateral ABCD as diameters. The two circles passing through A meet again at A', two circles through B at B' , two circles at C at C' and the two circles at D at D'. Suppose the points A',B',C' and D' are distinct. Prove quadrilateral A'B'C'D' is similar to ABCD.

A line segment B_0B_n is divided into n equal parts at points B_1,B_2,...,B_{n-1} and A is a point such that \angle B_0AB_n is a right angle. Prove that :
\sum_{k=0}^{n} |AB_k|^{2} = \sum_{k=0}^{n} |B_0B_k|^2

The triangle ABC is right-angled at A. Its incentre is I, and H is the foot of the perpendicular from I on AB. The perpendicular from H on BC meets BC at E, and it meets the bisector of \angle ABC at D. The perpendicular from A on BC meets BC at F. Prove that \angle EFD = 45^o

2018 Irish Paper1 P5
Points A, B and P lie on the circumference of a circle \Omega_1 such that \angle APB is an obtuse angle. Let Q be the foot of the perpendicular from P on AB. A second circle \Omega_2 is drawn with centre P and radius PQ. The tangents from A and B to \Omega_2 intersect \Omega_1 at F and H respectively. Prove that FH is tangent to \Omega_2.

Let M be the midpoint of side BC of an equilateral triangle ABC. The point D is on CA extended such that A is between D and C. The point E is on AB extended such that B is between A and E, and |MD| = |ME|. The point F is the intersection of MD and AB. Prove that \angle BFM = \angle BME.
2019 Irish Paper1 P3
A quadrilateral ABCD is such that the sides AB and DC are parallel, and |BC| =|AB| + |CD|.
Prove that the angle bisectors of the angles \angle ABC and \angle BCD intersect at right angles on
the side AD. 2019 Irish Paper1 P5
Let M be a point on the side BC of triangle ABC and let P and Q denote the circumcentres  
of triangles ABM and ACM respectively. Let L denote the point of intersection of the extended
lines BP and CQ and let K denote the reflection of L through the line PQ. Prove that
M, P, Q and K all lie on the same circle. 2019 Irish Paper2 P8
Consider a point G in the interior of a parallelogram ABCD. A circle \Gamma through A 
and G intersects the sides AB and AD for the second time at the points E and F respectively.
The line FG extended intersects the side BC at H and the line EG extended intersects the side
CD at I. The circumcircle of triangle HGI intersects the circle \Gamma for the second time at
M \ne G. Prove that M lies on the diagonal AC.

2020 Irish Paper1 P3
Circles \Omega_{1}, centre Q, and \Omega_{2}, centre R, touch externally at B .
A third circle, \Omega_{3}, which contains \Omega_{1} and \Omega_{2}, touches \Omega_{1}
and \Omega_{2} at A and C, respectively. Point C is joined to B and the line B C is extended
to meet \Omega_{3} at D. Prove that Q R and A D intersect on the circumference of \Omega_{1}.

2020 Irish Paper2 P9
A trapezium A B C D, in which A B is parallel to D C, is inscribed in a circle of radius R and
centre O . The non-parallel sides D A and C B are extended to meet at P while diagonals AC
and B D intersect at E . Prove that |O E| \cdot|O P|=R^{2}. 2020 Irish Paper2 P10
Show that there exists a hexagon ABCDEF in the plane such that the distance between every pair
of vertices is an integer.

2021 Irish Paper1 P2
An isosceles triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle with \angle ACB = 90^o and EF is a chord of
the circle such that neither E nor F coincide with C. Lines CE and CF meet AB at D and
G respectively. Prove that |CE|\cdot |DG| = |EF| \cdot |CG|. 2021 Irish Paper2 P8
A point C lies on a line segment AB between A and B and circles are drawn having AC and CB as diameters. A common tangent to both circles touches the circle with AC as diameter at
P \ne C and the circle with CB as diameter at Q \ne C. Prove that AP, BQ and the common tangent to both circles at C all meet at a single point which
lies on the circumference of the circle with AB as diameter.

source: www.irmo.ie

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