geometry problems from Indian Postal Coaching with aops links in the names
2004 Postal Coaching India p1
Let $ABC$ and $DEF$ be two triangles such that $A+ D = 120^{\circ}$ and $B+E = 120^{\circ}$. Suppose they have the same circumradius. Prove that they have the same 'Fermat length'.
2004 Postal Coaching India p7
Let $ABCD$ be a square, and $C$ the circle whose diameter is $AB.$ Let $Q$ be an arbitrary point on the segment $CD.$ We know that $QA$ meets $C$ on $E$ and $QB$ meets it on $F.$ Also $CF$ and $DE$ intersect in $M.$ show that $M$ belongs to $C.$
2004 Postal Coaching India p9
Let $ABCDEF$ be a regular hexagon of side lengths $1$ and $O$ its centre, Join $O$ cto each of the six vertices , thus getting $12$ unit line segments in all. Find the number of closed paths from (i) $O$ to $O$ (ii) $A$ to $A$ each of length $2004$
2004-5,2008-11,2014-16
rest yeas are missing from aops
2004 Postal Coaching India p1
Let $ABC$ and $DEF$ be two triangles such that $A+ D = 120^{\circ}$ and $B+E = 120^{\circ}$. Suppose they have the same circumradius. Prove that they have the same 'Fermat length'.
2004 Postal Coaching India p7
Let $ABCD$ be a square, and $C$ the circle whose diameter is $AB.$ Let $Q$ be an arbitrary point on the segment $CD.$ We know that $QA$ meets $C$ on $E$ and $QB$ meets it on $F.$ Also $CF$ and $DE$ intersect in $M.$ show that $M$ belongs to $C.$
2004 Postal Coaching India p9
Let $ABCDEF$ be a regular hexagon of side lengths $1$ and $O$ its centre, Join $O$ cto each of the six vertices , thus getting $12$ unit line segments in all. Find the number of closed paths from (i) $O$ to $O$ (ii) $A$ to $A$ each of length $2004$
2004 Postal Coaching India p10
A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ has an incircle. In each corner a circle is inscribed that also externally touches the two circles inscribed in the adjacent corners. Show that at least two circles have the same size.
A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ has an incircle. In each corner a circle is inscribed that also externally touches the two circles inscribed in the adjacent corners. Show that at least two circles have the same size.
2004 Postal Coaching India p11
Three circles touch each other externally and all these cirlces also touch a fixed straight line. Let $A,B,C$ be the mutual points of contact of these circles. If $\omega$ denotes the Brocard angle of the triangle $ABC$, prove that $\cot{\omega}$ = 2.
Three circles touch each other externally and all these cirlces also touch a fixed straight line. Let $A,B,C$ be the mutual points of contact of these circles. If $\omega$ denotes the Brocard angle of the triangle $ABC$, prove that $\cot{\omega}$ = 2.
2004 Postal Coaching India p16
Find all regular $n$-gons with the following properties:
(a) a diagonal is equal to the sum of two other diagonals
(b) a diagonal is equal to the sum of a side and another diagonal
2004 Postal Coaching India p19
Suppose a circle passes through the feet of the symmedians of a non-isosceles triangle $ABC$ , and is tangent to one of the sides. Show that $a^2 +b^2, b^2 + c^2 , c^2 + a^2$ are in geometric progression when taken in some order
Find all regular $n$-gons with the following properties:
(a) a diagonal is equal to the sum of two other diagonals
(b) a diagonal is equal to the sum of a side and another diagonal
2004 Postal Coaching India p19
Suppose a circle passes through the feet of the symmedians of a non-isosceles triangle $ABC$ , and is tangent to one of the sides. Show that $a^2 +b^2, b^2 + c^2 , c^2 + a^2$ are in geometric progression when taken in some order
2005 Postal Coaching India p2
Let $< \Gamma _j >$ be a sequnce of concentric circles such that the sequence $< R_j >$ , where $R_j$ denotes the radius of $\Gamma_j$, is increasing and $R_j \longrightarrow \infty$ as $j \longrightarrow \infty$. Let $A_1 B_1 C_1$ be a triangle inscribed in $\Gamma _1$. extend the rays $\vec{A_i B_1} , \vec{B_1 C_1 }, \vec{C_1 A_1}$ to meet $\Gamma_2$ in $B_2, C_2$and $A_2$ respectively and form the triangle $A_2 B_2 C_2$. Continue this process. Show that the sequence of triangles $< A_n B_n C_n >$ tends to an equilateral triangle as $n \longrightarrow \infty$
Let $< \Gamma _j >$ be a sequnce of concentric circles such that the sequence $< R_j >$ , where $R_j$ denotes the radius of $\Gamma_j$, is increasing and $R_j \longrightarrow \infty$ as $j \longrightarrow \infty$. Let $A_1 B_1 C_1$ be a triangle inscribed in $\Gamma _1$. extend the rays $\vec{A_i B_1} , \vec{B_1 C_1 }, \vec{C_1 A_1}$ to meet $\Gamma_2$ in $B_2, C_2$and $A_2$ respectively and form the triangle $A_2 B_2 C_2$. Continue this process. Show that the sequence of triangles $< A_n B_n C_n >$ tends to an equilateral triangle as $n \longrightarrow \infty$
2005 Postal Coaching India p5
Characterize all triangles $ABC$ s.t. $ AI_a : BI_b : CI_c = BC: CA : AB $ where $I_a$ etc. are the corresponding excentres to the vertices $A, B , C$
Characterize all triangles $ABC$ s.t. $ AI_a : BI_b : CI_c = BC: CA : AB $ where $I_a$ etc. are the corresponding excentres to the vertices $A, B , C$
2005 Postal Coaching India p6
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid such that $AB$ is parallel to $CD$, and let $E$ be the midpoint of its side $BC$. Suppose we can inscribe a circle into the quadrilateral $ABED$, and that we can inscribe a circle into the quadrilateral $AECD$. Denote $|AB|=a$, $|BC|=b$, $|CD|=c$, $|DA|=d$. Prove that $ a+c=\frac{b}{3}+d;\]\[\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{3}{b}$
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid such that $AB$ is parallel to $CD$, and let $E$ be the midpoint of its side $BC$. Suppose we can inscribe a circle into the quadrilateral $ABED$, and that we can inscribe a circle into the quadrilateral $AECD$. Denote $|AB|=a$, $|BC|=b$, $|CD|=c$, $|DA|=d$. Prove that $ a+c=\frac{b}{3}+d;\]\[\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{3}{b}$
2005 Postal Coaching India p10
On the sides $AB$ and $BC$ of triangle $ABC$, points $K$ and $M$ are chosen such that the quadrilaterals $AKMC$ and $KBMN$ are cyclic , where $N = AM \cap CK$ . If these quads have the same circumradii, find $\angle ABC$
On the sides $AB$ and $BC$ of triangle $ABC$, points $K$ and $M$ are chosen such that the quadrilaterals $AKMC$ and $KBMN$ are cyclic , where $N = AM \cap CK$ . If these quads have the same circumradii, find $\angle ABC$
2005 Postal Coaching India p12
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with vertices at lattice points. Suppose one of its sides in $\sqrt{n}$, where $n$ is square-free. Prove that $\frac{R}{r}$ is irraational . The symbols have usual meanings.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with vertices at lattice points. Suppose one of its sides in $\sqrt{n}$, where $n$ is square-free. Prove that $\frac{R}{r}$ is irraational . The symbols have usual meanings.
2005 Postal Coaching India p16 (corrected version)
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic convex quadrilateral, the its circumcircle $w=C(O,R)$,
the intersection $E\in AC\cap BD$, the middlepoint $F$ of the segment $[EO]$
and the middlepoints $M,N$ of the sides $[AB],[CD]$.
Prove that $F\in MN\Longleftrightarrow AB\parallel CD\ \vee \ AC\perp BD$.
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic convex quadrilateral, the its circumcircle $w=C(O,R)$,
the intersection $E\in AC\cap BD$, the middlepoint $F$ of the segment $[EO]$
and the middlepoints $M,N$ of the sides $[AB],[CD]$.
Prove that $F\in MN\Longleftrightarrow AB\parallel CD\ \vee \ AC\perp BD$.
2005 Postal Coaching India p17
Let $A',\,B',\,C'$ be points, in which excircles touch corresponding sides of triangle $ABC$. Circumcircles of triangles $A'B'C,\,AB'C',\,A'BC'$ intersect a circumcircle of $ABC$ in points $C_1\ne C,\,A_1\ne A,\,B_1\ne B$ respectively. Prove that a triangle $A_1B_1C_1$ is similar to a triangle, formed by points, in which incircle of $ABC$ touches its sides.
Let $A',\,B',\,C'$ be points, in which excircles touch corresponding sides of triangle $ABC$. Circumcircles of triangles $A'B'C,\,AB'C',\,A'BC'$ intersect a circumcircle of $ABC$ in points $C_1\ne C,\,A_1\ne A,\,B_1\ne B$ respectively. Prove that a triangle $A_1B_1C_1$ is similar to a triangle, formed by points, in which incircle of $ABC$ touches its sides.
2005 Postal Coaching India p20
In the following, the point of intersection of two lines $ g$ and $ h$ will be abbreviated as $ g\cap h$.
Suppose $ ABC$ is a triangle in which $ \angle A = 90^{\circ}$ and $ \angle B > \angle C$. Let $ O$ be the circumcircle of the triangle $ ABC$. Let $ l_{A}$ and $ l_{B}$ be the tangents to the circle $ O$ at $ A$ and $ B$, respectively.
Let $ BC \cap l_{A} = S$ and $ AC \cap l_{B} = D$. Furthermore, let $ AB \cap DS = E$, and let $ CE \cap l_{A} = T$. Denote by $ P$ the foot of the perpendicular from $ E$ on $ l_{A}$. Denote by $ Q$ the point of intersection of the line $ CP$ with the circle $ O$ (different from $ C$). Denote by $ R$ be the point of intersection of the line $ QT$ with the circle $ O$ (different from $ Q$). Finally, define $ U = BR \cap l_{A}$. Prove that
$ \frac {SU \cdot SP}{TU \cdot TP} = \frac {SA^{2}}{TA^{2}}.$
In the following, the point of intersection of two lines $ g$ and $ h$ will be abbreviated as $ g\cap h$.
Suppose $ ABC$ is a triangle in which $ \angle A = 90^{\circ}$ and $ \angle B > \angle C$. Let $ O$ be the circumcircle of the triangle $ ABC$. Let $ l_{A}$ and $ l_{B}$ be the tangents to the circle $ O$ at $ A$ and $ B$, respectively.
Let $ BC \cap l_{A} = S$ and $ AC \cap l_{B} = D$. Furthermore, let $ AB \cap DS = E$, and let $ CE \cap l_{A} = T$. Denote by $ P$ the foot of the perpendicular from $ E$ on $ l_{A}$. Denote by $ Q$ the point of intersection of the line $ CP$ with the circle $ O$ (different from $ C$). Denote by $ R$ be the point of intersection of the line $ QT$ with the circle $ O$ (different from $ Q$). Finally, define $ U = BR \cap l_{A}$. Prove that
$ \frac {SU \cdot SP}{TU \cdot TP} = \frac {SA^{2}}{TA^{2}}.$
2005 Postal Coaching India p23
Let $\Gamma$ be the incircle of an equilateral triangle $ABC$ of side length $2$ units.
(a) Show that for all points $P$ on $\Gamma$, $PA^2 +PB^2 +PC^2 = 5$.
(b) Show that for all points $P$ on $\Gamma$, it is possible to construct a triangle of sides equal to $PA,PB,PC$ and whose area is equal to $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}$ units.
2008 Postal Coaching India 1.2
Let $ABC$ be a triangle, $AD$ be the altitude from $A$ on to $BC$. Draw perpendiculars $DD_1$ and $DD_2$ from $D$ on to $AB$ and $AC$ respectively and let $p(A)$ be the length of the segment $D_1D_2$. Similarly define $p(B)$ and $p(C)$. Prove that $\frac{p(A)p(B)p(C)}{s^3}\le \frac18$ , where s is the semi-perimeter of the triangle $ABC$.
Let $\Gamma$ be the incircle of an equilateral triangle $ABC$ of side length $2$ units.
(a) Show that for all points $P$ on $\Gamma$, $PA^2 +PB^2 +PC^2 = 5$.
(b) Show that for all points $P$ on $\Gamma$, it is possible to construct a triangle of sides equal to $PA,PB,PC$ and whose area is equal to $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}$ units.
2008 Postal Coaching India 1.2
Let $ABC$ be a triangle, $AD$ be the altitude from $A$ on to $BC$. Draw perpendiculars $DD_1$ and $DD_2$ from $D$ on to $AB$ and $AC$ respectively and let $p(A)$ be the length of the segment $D_1D_2$. Similarly define $p(B)$ and $p(C)$. Prove that $\frac{p(A)p(B)p(C)}{s^3}\le \frac18$ , where s is the semi-perimeter of the triangle $ABC$.
2008 Postal Coaching India 2.2
Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle, and let $K, L,M$ be points respectively on $BC, CA, AB$ such that $BK/KC = CL/LA = AM/MB =\lambda $. Find all values of $\lambda$ such that the circle with $BC$ as a diameter completely covers the triangle bounded by the lines $AK,BL,CM$.
Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle, and let $K, L,M$ be points respectively on $BC, CA, AB$ such that $BK/KC = CL/LA = AM/MB =\lambda $. Find all values of $\lambda$ such that the circle with $BC$ as a diameter completely covers the triangle bounded by the lines $AK,BL,CM$.
2008 Postal Coaching India 3.2
Does there exist a triangle $ABC$ whose sides are rational numbers and $BC$ equals to the altitude from $A$?
Does there exist a triangle $ABC$ whose sides are rational numbers and $BC$ equals to the altitude from $A$?
2008 Postal Coaching India 3.3
Let $ABC$ be a triangle. For any point $X$ on $BC$, let $AX$ meet the circumcircle of $ABC$ in $X'$. Prove or disprove: $XX'$ has maximum length if and only if $AX$ lies between the median and the internal angle bisector from $A$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle. For any point $X$ on $BC$, let $AX$ meet the circumcircle of $ABC$ in $X'$. Prove or disprove: $XX'$ has maximum length if and only if $AX$ lies between the median and the internal angle bisector from $A$.
2008 Postal Coaching India 4.1
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezium in which $AB$ is parallel to $CD$. The circles on $AD$ and $BC$ as diameters intersect at two distinct points $P$ and $Q$. Prove that the lines $PQ,AC,BD$ are concurrent.
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezium in which $AB$ is parallel to $CD$. The circles on $AD$ and $BC$ as diameters intersect at two distinct points $P$ and $Q$. Prove that the lines $PQ,AC,BD$ are concurrent.
2008 Postal Coaching India 4.5
Let $\omega$ be the semicircle on diameter $AB$. A line parallel to $AB$ intersects $\omega$ at $C$ and $D$ so that $B$ and $C$ lie on opposite sides of $AD$. The line through $C$ parallel to $AD$ meets $\omega$ again in $E$. Lines $BE$ and $CD$ meet in $F$ and the line through $F$ parallel to $AD$ meets $AB$ in $P$. Prove that $PC$ is tangent to $\omega$.
Let $\omega$ be the semicircle on diameter $AB$. A line parallel to $AB$ intersects $\omega$ at $C$ and $D$ so that $B$ and $C$ lie on opposite sides of $AD$. The line through $C$ parallel to $AD$ meets $\omega$ again in $E$. Lines $BE$ and $CD$ meet in $F$ and the line through $F$ parallel to $AD$ meets $AB$ in $P$. Prove that $PC$ is tangent to $\omega$.
2008 Postal Coaching India 5.1
In triangle $ABC,\angle B > \angle C, T$ is the midpoint of arc $BAC$ of the circumcicle of $ABC$, and $I$ is the incentre of $ABC$. Let $E$ be point such that $\angle AEI = 90^0$ and $AE$ is parallel to $BC$. If $TE$ intersects the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P(\ne T)$ and $\angle B = \angle IPB$, determine $\angle A$.
In triangle $ABC,\angle B > \angle C, T$ is the midpoint of arc $BAC$ of the circumcicle of $ABC$, and $I$ is the incentre of $ABC$. Let $E$ be point such that $\angle AEI = 90^0$ and $AE$ is parallel to $BC$. If $TE$ intersects the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P(\ne T)$ and $\angle B = \angle IPB$, determine $\angle A$.
2008 Postal Coaching India 5.5
A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is given. There rays $BA$ and $CD$ meet in $P$, and the rays $BC$ and $AD$ meet in $Q$. Let $H$ be the projection of $D$ on $PQ$. Prove that $ABCD$ is cyclic if and only if the angle between the rays beginning at $H$ and tangent to the incircle of triangle $ADP$ is equal to the angle between the rays beginning at $H$ and tangent to the incircle of triangle $CDQ$. Also find out whether $ABCD$ is inscribable or circumscribable and justify.
A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is given. There rays $BA$ and $CD$ meet in $P$, and the rays $BC$ and $AD$ meet in $Q$. Let $H$ be the projection of $D$ on $PQ$. Prove that $ABCD$ is cyclic if and only if the angle between the rays beginning at $H$ and tangent to the incircle of triangle $ADP$ is equal to the angle between the rays beginning at $H$ and tangent to the incircle of triangle $CDQ$. Also find out whether $ABCD$ is inscribable or circumscribable and justify.
2008 Postal Coaching India 6.1
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral that can be inscribed in a circle. Denote by $P$ the intersection point of lines $AD$ and $BC$, and by $Q$ the intersection point of lines $AB$ and $DC$. Let $E$ be the fourth vertex of the parallelogram $ABCE$, and $F$ the intersection of lines $CE$ is $PQ$. Prove that the points $D,E, F$, and $Q$ lie on the same circle.
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral that can be inscribed in a circle. Denote by $P$ the intersection point of lines $AD$ and $BC$, and by $Q$ the intersection point of lines $AB$ and $DC$. Let $E$ be the fourth vertex of the parallelogram $ABCE$, and $F$ the intersection of lines $CE$ is $PQ$. Prove that the points $D,E, F$, and $Q$ lie on the same circle.
2008 Postal Coaching India 6.5
Consider the triangle $ABC$ and the points $D \in (BC),E \in (CA), F \in (AB)$, such that $\frac{BD}{DC}=\frac{CE}{EA}=\frac{AF}{FB}$. Prove that if the circumcenters of triangles $DEF$ and $ABC$ coincide, then the triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.
2009 Postal Coaching India 6.1
In a triangle $ABC$, let $D,E, F$ be interior points of sides $BC,CA,AB$ respectively. Let $AD,BE,CF$ meet the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ in $K, L,M$ respectively. Prove that $\frac{AD}{DK} + \frac{BE}{EL} + \frac{CF}{FM} \ge 9$. When does the equality hold?
2009 Postal Coaching India 6.5
Consider the triangle $ABC$ and the points $D \in (BC),E \in (CA), F \in (AB)$, such that $\frac{BD}{DC}=\frac{CE}{EA}=\frac{AF}{FB}$. Prove that if the circumcenters of triangles $DEF$ and $ABC$ coincide, then the triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.
2009 Postal Coaching India 1.3
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcentre $O$ and incentre $I$ such that $O$ is different from $I$. Let $AK, BL, CM$ be the altitudes of $ABC$, let $U, V , W$ be the mid-points of $AK, BL, CM$ respectively. Let $D, E, F$ be the points at which the in-circle of $ABC$ respectively touches the sides $BC, CA, AB$. Prove that the lines $UD, VE, WF$ and $OI$ are concurrent.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcentre $O$ and incentre $I$ such that $O$ is different from $I$. Let $AK, BL, CM$ be the altitudes of $ABC$, let $U, V , W$ be the mid-points of $AK, BL, CM$ respectively. Let $D, E, F$ be the points at which the in-circle of $ABC$ respectively touches the sides $BC, CA, AB$. Prove that the lines $UD, VE, WF$ and $OI$ are concurrent.
2009 Postal Coaching India 2.3
Let $\Omega$ be an $n$-gon inscribed in the unit circle, with vertices $P_1, P_2, ..., P_n$.
(a) Show that there exists a point $P$ on the unit circle such that $PP_1 \cdot PP_2\cdot ... \cdot PP_n \ge 2$.
(b) Suppose for each $P$ on the unit circle, the inequality $PP_1 \cdot PP_2\cdot ... \cdot PP_n \le 2$ holds. Prove that $\Omega$ is regular.
Let $\Omega$ be an $n$-gon inscribed in the unit circle, with vertices $P_1, P_2, ..., P_n$.
(a) Show that there exists a point $P$ on the unit circle such that $PP_1 \cdot PP_2\cdot ... \cdot PP_n \ge 2$.
(b) Suppose for each $P$ on the unit circle, the inequality $PP_1 \cdot PP_2\cdot ... \cdot PP_n \le 2$ holds. Prove that $\Omega$ is regular.
2009 Postal Coaching India 2.4
Determine the least real number $a > 1$ such that for any point $P$ in the interior of a square $ABCD$, the ratio of the areas of some two triangle $PAB, PBC, PCD, PDA$ lies in the interval $[1/a, a]$.
2009 Postal Coaching India 3.2
Let $n \ge 4$ be an integer. Find the maximum value of the area of a $n$-gon which is inscribed in the circle of radius $1$ and has two perpendicular diagonals.
Determine the least real number $a > 1$ such that for any point $P$ in the interior of a square $ABCD$, the ratio of the areas of some two triangle $PAB, PBC, PCD, PDA$ lies in the interval $[1/a, a]$.
2009 Postal Coaching India 3.2
Let $n \ge 4$ be an integer. Find the maximum value of the area of a $n$-gon which is inscribed in the circle of radius $1$ and has two perpendicular diagonals.
2009 Postal Coaching India 3.4
Let $ABC$ be a triangle, and let $DEF$ be another triangle inscribed in the incircle of $ABC$. If $s$ and $s_1$ denote the semiperimeters of $ABC$ and $DEF$ respectively, prove that $2s_1 \le s$. When does equality hold?
Let $ABC$ be a triangle, and let $DEF$ be another triangle inscribed in the incircle of $ABC$. If $s$ and $s_1$ denote the semiperimeters of $ABC$ and $DEF$ respectively, prove that $2s_1 \le s$. When does equality hold?
2009 Postal Coaching India 4.1
Two circles $\Gamma_a$ and $\Gamma_b$ with their centres lying on the legs $BC$ and $CA$ of a right triangle, both touching the hypotenuse $AB$, and both passing through the vertex $C$ are given. Let the radii of these circles be denoted by $\gamma_a$ and $\gamma_b$.
Find the greatest real number $p$ such that the inequality $\frac{1}{\gamma_a}+\frac{1}{\gamma_b}\ge p \left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)$ ($BC = a,CA = b$) holds for all right triangles $ABC$.
Two circles $\Gamma_a$ and $\Gamma_b$ with their centres lying on the legs $BC$ and $CA$ of a right triangle, both touching the hypotenuse $AB$, and both passing through the vertex $C$ are given. Let the radii of these circles be denoted by $\gamma_a$ and $\gamma_b$.
Find the greatest real number $p$ such that the inequality $\frac{1}{\gamma_a}+\frac{1}{\gamma_b}\ge p \left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)$ ($BC = a,CA = b$) holds for all right triangles $ABC$.
2009 Postal Coaching India 4.5
A point $D$ is chosen in the interior of the side $BC$ of an acute triangle $ABC$, and another point $P$ in the interior of the segment $AD$, but not lying on the median through $C$. This median (through $C$) intersects the circumcircle of a triangle $CPD$ at $K(\ne C)$. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $AKP$ always passes through a fixed point $M(\ne A)$ independent of the choices of the points $D$ and $P.$
A point $D$ is chosen in the interior of the side $BC$ of an acute triangle $ABC$, and another point $P$ in the interior of the segment $AD$, but not lying on the median through $C$. This median (through $C$) intersects the circumcircle of a triangle $CPD$ at $K(\ne C)$. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $AKP$ always passes through a fixed point $M(\ne A)$ independent of the choices of the points $D$ and $P.$
2009 Postal Coaching India 5.1
A circle $\Gamma$ and a line $\ell$ which does not intersect $\Gamma$ are given. Suppose $P, Q,R, S$ are variable points on circle $\Gamma$ such that the points $A = PQ\cap RS$ and $B = PS \cap QR$ lie on $\ell$. Prove that the circle on $AB$ as a diameter passes through two fixed points.
A circle $\Gamma$ and a line $\ell$ which does not intersect $\Gamma$ are given. Suppose $P, Q,R, S$ are variable points on circle $\Gamma$ such that the points $A = PQ\cap RS$ and $B = PS \cap QR$ lie on $\ell$. Prove that the circle on $AB$ as a diameter passes through two fixed points.
2009 Postal Coaching India 5.5
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral that has an incircle with centre $O$ and radius $r$. Let $P = AB \cap CD$, $Q = AD \cap BC$, $E = AC \cap BD$. Show that $OE \cdot d = r^2$, where $d$ is the distance of $O$ from $PQ$.
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral that has an incircle with centre $O$ and radius $r$. Let $P = AB \cap CD$, $Q = AD \cap BC$, $E = AC \cap BD$. Show that $OE \cdot d = r^2$, where $d$ is the distance of $O$ from $PQ$.
In a triangle $ABC$, let $D,E, F$ be interior points of sides $BC,CA,AB$ respectively. Let $AD,BE,CF$ meet the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ in $K, L,M$ respectively. Prove that $\frac{AD}{DK} + \frac{BE}{EL} + \frac{CF}{FM} \ge 9$. When does the equality hold?
2009 Postal Coaching India 6.5
Let $P$ be an interior point of a circle and $A_1,A_2...,A_{10}$ be points on the circle such that $\angle A_1PA_2 = \angle A_2PA_3 = ... = \angle A_{10}PA_1 = 36^o$. Prove that $PA_1 + PA_3 + PA_5 + PA_7 +PA_9 = PA_2 + PA_4 + PA_6 + PA_8 + PA_{10}$.
2010 Postal Coaching India 1.1
Let $\gamma,\Gamma$ be two concentric circles with radii $r,R$ with $r<R$. Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in $\gamma$. If $\overrightarrow{AB}$ denotes the Ray starting from $A$ and extending indefinitely in $B's$ direction then Let $\overrightarrow{AB}, \overrightarrow{BC}, \overrightarrow{CD} , \overrightarrow{DA}$ meet $\Gamma$ at the points $C_1,D_1,A_1,B_1$ respectively. Prove that $\frac{[A_1B_1C_1D_1]}{[ABCD]} \ge \frac{R^2}{r^2}$
where $[.]$ denotes area.
Let $\gamma,\Gamma$ be two concentric circles with radii $r,R$ with $r<R$. Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in $\gamma$. If $\overrightarrow{AB}$ denotes the Ray starting from $A$ and extending indefinitely in $B's$ direction then Let $\overrightarrow{AB}, \overrightarrow{BC}, \overrightarrow{CD} , \overrightarrow{DA}$ meet $\Gamma$ at the points $C_1,D_1,A_1,B_1$ respectively. Prove that $\frac{[A_1B_1C_1D_1]}{[ABCD]} \ge \frac{R^2}{r^2}$
where $[.]$ denotes area.
2010 Postal Coaching India 1.5
A point $P$ lies on the internal angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ of a triangle $\triangle ABC$. Point $D$ is the midpoint of $BC$ and $PD$ meets the external angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ at point $E$. If $F$ is the point such that $PAEF$ is a rectangle then prove that $PF$ bisects $\angle BFC$ internally or externally.
A point $P$ lies on the internal angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ of a triangle $\triangle ABC$. Point $D$ is the midpoint of $BC$ and $PD$ meets the external angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ at point $E$. If $F$ is the point such that $PAEF$ is a rectangle then prove that $PF$ bisects $\angle BFC$ internally or externally.
2010 Postal Coaching India 1.6
Let $a,b,c$ denote the sides of a triangle and $[ABC]$ the area of the triangle as usual.
(a) If $6[ABC] = 2a^2+bc$, determine $A,B,C$.
(b) For all triangles, prove that $3a^2+3b^2 - c^2 \ge 4 \sqrt{3} [ABC]$.
Let $a,b,c$ denote the sides of a triangle and $[ABC]$ the area of the triangle as usual.
(a) If $6[ABC] = 2a^2+bc$, determine $A,B,C$.
(b) For all triangles, prove that $3a^2+3b^2 - c^2 \ge 4 \sqrt{3} [ABC]$.
2010 Postal Coaching India 2.3
In a quadrilateral $ABCD$, we have $\angle DAB = 110^{\circ} , \angle ABC = 50^{\circ}$ and $\angle BCD = 70^{\circ}$ . Let $ M, N$ be the mid-points of $AB$ and $CD$ respectively. Suppose $P$ is a point on the segment $M N$ such that $\frac{AM}{CN} = \frac{MP}{PN}$ and $AP = CP$ . Find $\angle AP C$.
In a quadrilateral $ABCD$, we have $\angle DAB = 110^{\circ} , \angle ABC = 50^{\circ}$ and $\angle BCD = 70^{\circ}$ . Let $ M, N$ be the mid-points of $AB$ and $CD$ respectively. Suppose $P$ is a point on the segment $M N$ such that $\frac{AM}{CN} = \frac{MP}{PN}$ and $AP = CP$ . Find $\angle AP C$.
2010 Postal Coaching India 3.2
In a circle with centre at $O$ and diameter $AB$, two chords $BD$ and $AC$ intersect at $E$. $F$ is a point on $AB$ such that $EF \perp AB$. $FC$ intersects $BD$ in $G$. If $DE = 5$ and $EG =3$, determine $BG$.
In a circle with centre at $O$ and diameter $AB$, two chords $BD$ and $AC$ intersect at $E$. $F$ is a point on $AB$ such that $EF \perp AB$. $FC$ intersects $BD$ in $G$. If $DE = 5$ and $EG =3$, determine $BG$.
2010 Postal Coaching India 3.4
Five distinct points $A, B, C, D$ and $E$ lie in this order on a circle of radius $r$ and satisfy $AC = BD = CE = r$. Prove that the orthocentres of the triangles $ACD, BCD$ and $BCE$ are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
Five distinct points $A, B, C, D$ and $E$ lie in this order on a circle of radius $r$ and satisfy $AC = BD = CE = r$. Prove that the orthocentres of the triangles $ACD, BCD$ and $BCE$ are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
2010 Postal Coaching India 4.1
Let $A, B, C, D$ be four distinct points in the plane such that the length of the six line segments $AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD$ form a $2$-element set ${a, b}$. If $a > b$, determine all the possible values of $\frac ab$.
Let $A, B, C, D$ be four distinct points in the plane such that the length of the six line segments $AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD$ form a $2$-element set ${a, b}$. If $a > b$, determine all the possible values of $\frac ab$.
2010 Postal Coaching India 4.4
Let $C_1 , C_2$ be two circles in the plane intersecting at two distinct points. Let $P$ be the midpoint of a variable chord $AB$ of $C_2$ with the property that the circle on $AB$ as diameter meets $C_1$ at a point $T$ such that $P T$ is tangent to $C_1$ . Find the locus of $P$ .
Let $C_1 , C_2$ be two circles in the plane intersecting at two distinct points. Let $P$ be the midpoint of a variable chord $AB$ of $C_2$ with the property that the circle on $AB$ as diameter meets $C_1$ at a point $T$ such that $P T$ is tangent to $C_1$ . Find the locus of $P$ .
2010 Postal Coaching India 5.2
Let $M$ be an interior point of a $\triangle ABC$ such that $\angle AM B = 150^{\circ} , \angle BM C = 120^{\circ}$. Let $P, Q, R$ be the circumcentres of the $\triangle AM B, \triangle BM C, \triangle CM A$ respectively. Prove that $[P QR] \ge [ABC]$.
2010 Postal Coaching India 6.2
$\alpha ', \beta ', \gamma '$ be the reflections of $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ in the sides $BC, CA, AB$, respectively.
(a) Show that $\alpha ', \beta ', \gamma '$ are concurrent if and only if $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ are parallel to the Euler line $OH$.
(b) Suppose that $\alpha ', \beta ' , \gamma '$ are concurrent at the point $P$ . Show that $\Gamma$ bisects $OP$ .
Let $M$ be an interior point of a $\triangle ABC$ such that $\angle AM B = 150^{\circ} , \angle BM C = 120^{\circ}$. Let $P, Q, R$ be the circumcentres of the $\triangle AM B, \triangle BM C, \triangle CM A$ respectively. Prove that $[P QR] \ge [ABC]$.
2010 Postal Coaching India 6.2
$\alpha ', \beta ', \gamma '$ be the reflections of $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ in the sides $BC, CA, AB$, respectively.
(a) Show that $\alpha ', \beta ', \gamma '$ are concurrent if and only if $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ are parallel to the Euler line $OH$.
(b) Suppose that $\alpha ', \beta ' , \gamma '$ are concurrent at the point $P$ . Show that $\Gamma$ bisects $OP$ .
2010 Postal Coaching India 6.4
$\triangle ABC$ has semiperimeter $s$ and area $F$ . A square $P QRS$ with side length $x$ is inscribed in $ABC$ with $P$ and $Q$ on $BC$, $R$ on $AC$, and $S$ on $AB$. Similarly, $y$ and $z$ are the sides of squares two vertices of which lie on $AC$ and $AB$, respectively. Prove that $\frac 1x +\frac 1y + \frac 1z \le \frac{s(2+\sqrt3)}{2F}$
$\triangle ABC$ has semiperimeter $s$ and area $F$ . A square $P QRS$ with side length $x$ is inscribed in $ABC$ with $P$ and $Q$ on $BC$, $R$ on $AC$, and $S$ on $AB$. Similarly, $y$ and $z$ are the sides of squares two vertices of which lie on $AC$ and $AB$, respectively. Prove that $\frac 1x +\frac 1y + \frac 1z \le \frac{s(2+\sqrt3)}{2F}$
2011 Postal Coaching India 1.1
Let $ABC$ be a triangle in which $\angle BAC = 60^{\circ}$ . Let $P$ (similarly $Q$) be the point of intersection of the bisector of $\angle ABC$(similarly of $\angle ACB$) and the side $AC$(similarly $AB$). Let $r_1$ and $r_2$ be the in-radii of the triangles $ABC$ and $AP Q$, respectively. Determine the circum-radius of $APQ$ in terms of $r_1$ and $r_2$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle in which $\angle BAC = 60^{\circ}$ . Let $P$ (similarly $Q$) be the point of intersection of the bisector of $\angle ABC$(similarly of $\angle ACB$) and the side $AC$(similarly $AB$). Let $r_1$ and $r_2$ be the in-radii of the triangles $ABC$ and $AP Q$, respectively. Determine the circum-radius of $APQ$ in terms of $r_1$ and $r_2$.
2011 Postal Coaching India 1.6
Let $T$ be an isosceles right triangle. Let $S$ be the circle such that the difference in the areas of $T \cup S$ and $T \cap S$ is the minimal. Prove that the centre of $S$ divides the altitude drawn on the hypotenuse of $T$ in the golden ratio (i.e., $\frac{(1 + \sqrt{5})}{2}$)
Let $T$ be an isosceles right triangle. Let $S$ be the circle such that the difference in the areas of $T \cup S$ and $T \cap S$ is the minimal. Prove that the centre of $S$ divides the altitude drawn on the hypotenuse of $T$ in the golden ratio (i.e., $\frac{(1 + \sqrt{5})}{2}$)
2011 Postal Coaching India 2.2
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $\angle BAC = 30^{\circ}$. The internal and external angle bisectors of $\angle ABC$ meet the line $AC$ at $B_1$ and $B_2$ , respectively, and the internal and external angle bisectors of $\angle ACB$ meet the line $AB$ at $C_1$ and $C_2$ , respectively. Suppose that the circles with diameters $B_1B_2$ and $C_1C_2$ meet inside the triangle $ABC$ at point $P$ . Prove that $\angle BPC = 90^{\circ}$.
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $\angle BAC = 30^{\circ}$. The internal and external angle bisectors of $\angle ABC$ meet the line $AC$ at $B_1$ and $B_2$ , respectively, and the internal and external angle bisectors of $\angle ACB$ meet the line $AB$ at $C_1$ and $C_2$ , respectively. Suppose that the circles with diameters $B_1B_2$ and $C_1C_2$ meet inside the triangle $ABC$ at point $P$ . Prove that $\angle BPC = 90^{\circ}$.
2011 Postal Coaching India 3.1
Let $I$ be the incentre of a triangle $ABC$ and $\Gamma_a$ be the excircle opposite $A$ touching $BC$ at $D$. If $ID$ meets $\Gamma_a$ again at $S$, prove that $DS$ bisects $\angle BSC$.
Let $I$ be the incentre of a triangle $ABC$ and $\Gamma_a$ be the excircle opposite $A$ touching $BC$ at $D$. If $ID$ meets $\Gamma_a$ again at $S$, prove that $DS$ bisects $\angle BSC$.
2011 Postal Coaching India 3.5
Let $P$ be a point inside a triangle $ABC$ such that $\angle P AB = \angle P BC = \angle P CA$
Suppose $AP, BP, CP$ meet the circumcircles of triangles $P BC, P CA, P AB$ at $X, Y, Z$ respectively $(\neq P)$ . Prove that $[XBC] + [Y CA] + [ZAB] \ge 3[ABC]$
Let $P$ be a point inside a triangle $ABC$ such that $\angle P AB = \angle P BC = \angle P CA$
Suppose $AP, BP, CP$ meet the circumcircles of triangles $P BC, P CA, P AB$ at $X, Y, Z$ respectively $(\neq P)$ . Prove that $[XBC] + [Y CA] + [ZAB] \ge 3[ABC]$
2011 Postal Coaching India 4.3
Construct a triangle, by straight edge and compass, if the three points where the extensions of the medians intersect the circumcircle of the triangle are given.
Construct a triangle, by straight edge and compass, if the three points where the extensions of the medians intersect the circumcircle of the triangle are given.
2011 Postal Coaching India 5.3
Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle. Let $l_A$ be the tangent to the nine-point circle at the foot of the perpendicular from $A$ to $BC$, and let $l_A'$ be the tangent to the nine-point circle from the mid-point of $BC$. The lines $l_A$ and $l_A'$ intersect at $A'$ . Define $B'$ and $C'$ similarly. Show that the lines $AA' , BB'$ and $CC'$ are concurrent.
Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle. Let $l_A$ be the tangent to the nine-point circle at the foot of the perpendicular from $A$ to $BC$, and let $l_A'$ be the tangent to the nine-point circle from the mid-point of $BC$. The lines $l_A$ and $l_A'$ intersect at $A'$ . Define $B'$ and $C'$ similarly. Show that the lines $AA' , BB'$ and $CC'$ are concurrent.
2011 Postal Coaching India 6.1
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral with an inscribed circle, centre $O$. Let $AO = 5, BO =6, CO = 7, DO = 8$. If $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$, determine $\frac{OM}{ON}$ .
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral with an inscribed circle, centre $O$. Let $AO = 5, BO =6, CO = 7, DO = 8$. If $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$, determine $\frac{OM}{ON}$ .
2011 Postal Coaching India 6.5
Let $H$ be the orthocentre and $O$ be the circumcentre of an acute triangle $ABC$. Let $AD$ and $BE$ be the altitudes of the triangle with $D$ on $BC$ and $E$ on $CA$. Let $K =OD \cap BE, L = OE \cap AD$. Let $X$ be the second point of intersection of the circumcircles of triangles $HKD$ and $HLE$, and let $M$ be the midpoint of side $AB$. Prove that points $K, L, M$ are collinear if and only if $X$ is the circumcentre of triangle $EOD$.
Let $H$ be the orthocentre and $O$ be the circumcentre of an acute triangle $ABC$. Let $AD$ and $BE$ be the altitudes of the triangle with $D$ on $BC$ and $E$ on $CA$. Let $K =OD \cap BE, L = OE \cap AD$. Let $X$ be the second point of intersection of the circumcircles of triangles $HKD$ and $HLE$, and let $M$ be the midpoint of side $AB$. Prove that points $K, L, M$ are collinear if and only if $X$ is the circumcentre of triangle $EOD$.
2014 Postal Coaching India 1.2
Suppose $ABCD$ is a convex quadrilateral.Points $P,Q,R$ and $S$ are four points on the line segments $AB,BC,CD$ and $DA$ respectively.The line segments $PR$ and $QS$ meet at $T$.Suppose that each of the quadrilaterals $APTS,BQTP,CRTQ$ and $DSTR$ have an incircle.Prove that the quadrilateral $ABCD$ also has an incircle.
2014 Postal Coaching India 2.1
Two circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ touch externally at point $P$.Let $A$ be a point on $\omega_2$ not lying on the line through the centres of the two circles.Let $AB$ and $AC$ be the tangents to $\omega_1$.Lines $BP$ and $CP$ meet $\omega_2$ for the second time at points $E$ and $F$.Prove that the line $EF$,the tangent to $\omega_2$ at $A$ and the common tangent at $P$ concur.
2014 Postal Coaching India 2.2
Let $ABCD$ be a circumscribed quadrilateral. Its incircle $\omega$ touches the sides $BC$ and $DA$ at points $E$ and $F$ respectively. It is known that lines $AB,FE$ and $CD$ concur. The circumcircles of triangles $AED$ and $BFC$ meet $\omega$ for the second time at points $E_1$ and $F_1$. Prove that $EF$ is parallel to $E_1 F_1$.
Suppose $ABCD$ is a convex quadrilateral.Points $P,Q,R$ and $S$ are four points on the line segments $AB,BC,CD$ and $DA$ respectively.The line segments $PR$ and $QS$ meet at $T$.Suppose that each of the quadrilaterals $APTS,BQTP,CRTQ$ and $DSTR$ have an incircle.Prove that the quadrilateral $ABCD$ also has an incircle.
2014 Postal Coaching India 2.1
Two circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ touch externally at point $P$.Let $A$ be a point on $\omega_2$ not lying on the line through the centres of the two circles.Let $AB$ and $AC$ be the tangents to $\omega_1$.Lines $BP$ and $CP$ meet $\omega_2$ for the second time at points $E$ and $F$.Prove that the line $EF$,the tangent to $\omega_2$ at $A$ and the common tangent at $P$ concur.
2014 Postal Coaching India 2.2
Let $ABCD$ be a circumscribed quadrilateral. Its incircle $\omega$ touches the sides $BC$ and $DA$ at points $E$ and $F$ respectively. It is known that lines $AB,FE$ and $CD$ concur. The circumcircles of triangles $AED$ and $BFC$ meet $\omega$ for the second time at points $E_1$ and $F_1$. Prove that $EF$ is parallel to $E_1 F_1$.
2014 Postal Coaching India 3.2
Let $O$ be the centre of the square $ABCD$. Let $P,Q,R$ be respectively on the segments $OA,OB,OC$ such that $OP=3,OQ=5,OR=4$. Suppose $S$ is on $OD$ such that $X=AB\cap PQ,Y=BC\cap QR$ and $Z=CD\cap RS$ are collinear. Find $OS$.
2014 Postal Coaching India 3.4
Let $ABC$ and $PQR$ be two triangles such that
(a) $P$ is the mid-point of $BC$ and $A$ is the midpoint of $QR$.
(b) $QR$ bisects $\angle BAC$ and $BC$ bisects $\angle QPR$
Prove that $AB+AC=PQ+PR$.
Let $O$ be the centre of the square $ABCD$. Let $P,Q,R$ be respectively on the segments $OA,OB,OC$ such that $OP=3,OQ=5,OR=4$. Suppose $S$ is on $OD$ such that $X=AB\cap PQ,Y=BC\cap QR$ and $Z=CD\cap RS$ are collinear. Find $OS$.
2014 Postal Coaching India 3.4
Let $ABC$ and $PQR$ be two triangles such that
(a) $P$ is the mid-point of $BC$ and $A$ is the midpoint of $QR$.
(b) $QR$ bisects $\angle BAC$ and $BC$ bisects $\angle QPR$
Prove that $AB+AC=PQ+PR$.
2014 Postal Coaching India 4.3
The circles $\mathcal{K}_1,\mathcal{K}_2$ and $\mathcal{K}_3$ are pairwise externally tangent to each other; the point of tangency betwwen $\mathcal{K}_1$ and $\mathcal{K}_2$ is $T$. One of the external common tangents of $\mathcal{K}_1$ and $\mathcal{K}_2$ meets $\mathcal{K}_3$ at points $P$ and $Q$. Prove that the internal common tangent of $\mathcal{K}_1$ and $\mathcal{K}_2$ bisects the arc $PQ$ of $\mathcal{K}_3$ which is closer to $T$.
The circles $\mathcal{K}_1,\mathcal{K}_2$ and $\mathcal{K}_3$ are pairwise externally tangent to each other; the point of tangency betwwen $\mathcal{K}_1$ and $\mathcal{K}_2$ is $T$. One of the external common tangents of $\mathcal{K}_1$ and $\mathcal{K}_2$ meets $\mathcal{K}_3$ at points $P$ and $Q$. Prove that the internal common tangent of $\mathcal{K}_1$ and $\mathcal{K}_2$ bisects the arc $PQ$ of $\mathcal{K}_3$ which is closer to $T$.
2014 Postal Coaching India 5.1
Let $ABC$ be a triangle in which $\angle B$ is obtuse.Let $\Gamma$ be its circumcircle and $O$ be the centre of $\Gamma$.Let the tangent to $\Gamma$ at $C$ intersect the line $AB$ in $B_1$.Let $O_1$ be the circumcentre of the circumcircle $\Gamma_1$ of $\triangle AB_1 C$.Take any point $B_2$ on the segment $BB_1$ different from $B,B_1$.Let $C_1$ be the point of contact of the tangent from $B_2$ to $\Gamma$ which is closer to $C$.Let $O_2$ be the circumcentre of $\triangle AB_2 C_1$.Prove that $O,O_2,O_1,C_1,C$ are concyclic if $OO_2\perp AO_1$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle in which $\angle B$ is obtuse.Let $\Gamma$ be its circumcircle and $O$ be the centre of $\Gamma$.Let the tangent to $\Gamma$ at $C$ intersect the line $AB$ in $B_1$.Let $O_1$ be the circumcentre of the circumcircle $\Gamma_1$ of $\triangle AB_1 C$.Take any point $B_2$ on the segment $BB_1$ different from $B,B_1$.Let $C_1$ be the point of contact of the tangent from $B_2$ to $\Gamma$ which is closer to $C$.Let $O_2$ be the circumcentre of $\triangle AB_2 C_1$.Prove that $O,O_2,O_1,C_1,C$ are concyclic if $OO_2\perp AO_1$.
2015 Postal Coaching India 1.4
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral. Construct equilateral triangles $AQB$, $BRC$, $CSD$ and $DPA$ externally on the sides $AB$, $BC$, $CD$ and $DA$ respectively. Let $K, L, M, N$ be the mid-points of $P Q, QR, RS, SP$. Find the maximum value of $\frac{KM + LN}{AC + BD}$
2015 Postal Coaching India 2.1
$O$ is the centre of the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$, and $M$ is its orthocentre. Point $A$ is reflected in the perpendicular bisector of the side $BC$,$ B$ is reflected in the perpendicular bisector of the side $CA$, and finally $C$ is reflected in the perpendicular bisector of the side $AB$. The images are denoted by $A_1, B_1, C_1$ respectively. Let $K$ be the centre of the inscribed circle of triangle $A_1B_1C_1$. Prove that $O$ bisects the line segment $MK$.
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral. Construct equilateral triangles $AQB$, $BRC$, $CSD$ and $DPA$ externally on the sides $AB$, $BC$, $CD$ and $DA$ respectively. Let $K, L, M, N$ be the mid-points of $P Q, QR, RS, SP$. Find the maximum value of $\frac{KM + LN}{AC + BD}$
2015 Postal Coaching India 2.1
$O$ is the centre of the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$, and $M$ is its orthocentre. Point $A$ is reflected in the perpendicular bisector of the side $BC$,$ B$ is reflected in the perpendicular bisector of the side $CA$, and finally $C$ is reflected in the perpendicular bisector of the side $AB$. The images are denoted by $A_1, B_1, C_1$ respectively. Let $K$ be the centre of the inscribed circle of triangle $A_1B_1C_1$. Prove that $O$ bisects the line segment $MK$.
2015 Postal Coaching India 2.5
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral. In the triangle $ABC$ let $I$ and $J$ be the incenter and the excenter opposite to vertex $A$, respectively. In the triangle $ACD$ let $K$ and $L$ be the incenter and the excenter opposite to vertex $A$, respectively. Show that the lines $IL$ and $JK$, and the bisector of the angle $BCD$ are concurrent.
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral. In the triangle $ABC$ let $I$ and $J$ be the incenter and the excenter opposite to vertex $A$, respectively. In the triangle $ACD$ let $K$ and $L$ be the incenter and the excenter opposite to vertex $A$, respectively. Show that the lines $IL$ and $JK$, and the bisector of the angle $BCD$ are concurrent.
2015 Postal Coaching India 4.1
A circle, its chord $AB$ and the midpoint $W$ of the minor arc $AB$ are given. Take an arbitrary point $C$ on the major arc $AB$. The tangent to the circle at $C$ meets the tangents at $A$ and $B$ at points $X$ and $Y$ respectively. Lines $WX$ and $WY$ meet $AB$ at points $N$ and $M$. Prove that the length of segment $NM$ doesn’t depend on point $C$.
A circle, its chord $AB$ and the midpoint $W$ of the minor arc $AB$ are given. Take an arbitrary point $C$ on the major arc $AB$. The tangent to the circle at $C$ meets the tangents at $A$ and $B$ at points $X$ and $Y$ respectively. Lines $WX$ and $WY$ meet $AB$ at points $N$ and $M$. Prove that the length of segment $NM$ doesn’t depend on point $C$.
2015 Postal Coaching India 5.4
Let $ABC$ be at triangle with incircle $\Gamma$. Let $\Gamma_1$, $\Gamma_2$, $\Gamma_3$ be three circles inside $\triangle ABC$ each of which is tangent to $\Gamma$ and two sides of the triangle and their radii are $1,4,9$. Find the radius of $\Gamma$.
2016 Postal Coaching India 1.3
Four points lie on a plane such that no three of them are collinear. Consider the four triangles formed by taking any three points at a time. If the inradii of these four triangles are all equal, prove that the four triangles are congruent.
Let $ABC$ be at triangle with incircle $\Gamma$. Let $\Gamma_1$, $\Gamma_2$, $\Gamma_3$ be three circles inside $\triangle ABC$ each of which is tangent to $\Gamma$ and two sides of the triangle and their radii are $1,4,9$. Find the radius of $\Gamma$.
Four points lie on a plane such that no three of them are collinear. Consider the four triangles formed by taking any three points at a time. If the inradii of these four triangles are all equal, prove that the four triangles are congruent.
2016 Postal Coaching India 1.5
Let $I$ and $O$ be respectively the incentre and circumcentre of a triangle $ABC$. If $AB = 2$, $AC = 3$ and $\angle AIO = 90^{\circ}$, find the area of $\triangle ABC$.
Let $I$ and $O$ be respectively the incentre and circumcentre of a triangle $ABC$. If $AB = 2$, $AC = 3$ and $\angle AIO = 90^{\circ}$, find the area of $\triangle ABC$.
2016 Postal Coaching India 2.1
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral in which $\angle BAC = 48^{\circ}, \angle CAD = 66^{\circ}, \angle CBD = \angle DBA.$ Prove that $\angle BDC = 24^{\circ}$.
2016 Postal Coaching India 2.5
Two triangles $ABC$ and $DEF$ have the same incircle. If a circle passes through $A,B,C,D,E$ prove that it also passes through $F$.
2016 Postal Coaching India 4.3
The diagonals $AD, BE$ and $CF$ of a convex hexagon concur at a point $M$. Suppose the six triangles $ABM, BCM, CDM, DEM, EFM$ and $FAM$ are all acute-angled and the circumcentre of all these triangles lie on a circle. Prove that the quadrilaterals $ABDE, BCEF$ and $CDFA$ have equal areas.
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral in which $\angle BAC = 48^{\circ}, \angle CAD = 66^{\circ}, \angle CBD = \angle DBA.$ Prove that $\angle BDC = 24^{\circ}$.
2016 Postal Coaching India 2.5
Two triangles $ABC$ and $DEF$ have the same incircle. If a circle passes through $A,B,C,D,E$ prove that it also passes through $F$.
The diagonals $AD, BE$ and $CF$ of a convex hexagon concur at a point $M$. Suppose the six triangles $ABM, BCM, CDM, DEM, EFM$ and $FAM$ are all acute-angled and the circumcentre of all these triangles lie on a circle. Prove that the quadrilaterals $ABDE, BCEF$ and $CDFA$ have equal areas.
2016 Postal Coaching India 6.1
Let $A_1A_2A_3\cdots A_{10}$ be a regular decagon and $A=A_1A_4\cap A_2A_5, B=A_1A_6\cap A_2A_7, C=A_1A_9\cap A_2A_{10}.$ Find the angles of the triangle $ABC$.
Let $A_1A_2A_3\cdots A_{10}$ be a regular decagon and $A=A_1A_4\cap A_2A_5, B=A_1A_6\cap A_2A_7, C=A_1A_9\cap A_2A_{10}.$ Find the angles of the triangle $ABC$.
2016 Postal Coaching India 6.5 (corrected version) [2016 Belarus Team Selection Test 7.2]
Let $K$ and $L$ be the centers of the excircles of a non-isosceles triangle $ABC$ opposite $B$ and $C$ respectively. Let $B_1$ and $C_1$ be the midpoints of the sides $AC$ and $AB$ respectively Let $M$ and $N$ be symmetric to $B$ and $C$ about $B_1$ and $C_1$ respectively. Prove that the lines $KM$ and $LN$ meet on $BC$.
Let $K$ and $L$ be the centers of the excircles of a non-isosceles triangle $ABC$ opposite $B$ and $C$ respectively. Let $B_1$ and $C_1$ be the midpoints of the sides $AC$ and $AB$ respectively Let $M$ and $N$ be symmetric to $B$ and $C$ about $B_1$ and $C_1$ respectively. Prove that the lines $KM$ and $LN$ meet on $BC$.
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