Italy 1985 - 2021 (ITAMO) 78p

geometry problems from Italian Mathematical Olympiads  (ITAMO)
with aops links in the names

1985 - 2021

In the 1st ITAMO, 1985, the used the AIME 1985 problems

1985 ITAMO / AIME P2

When a right triangle is rotated about one leg, the volume of the cone produced is $800 \pi$ $\text{cm}^3$. When the triangle is rotated about the other leg, the volume of the cone produced is $1920 \pi$ $\text{cm}^3$. What is the length (in cm) of the hypotenuse of the triangle?

1985 ITAMO / AIME P4

A small square is constructed inside a square of area 1 by dividing each side of the unit square into $n$ equal parts, and then connecting the vertices to the division points closest to the opposite vertices. Find the value of $n$ if the the area of the small square is exactly 1/1985.

1985 ITAMO / AIME P6

As shown in the figure, triangle $ABC$ is divided into six smaller triangles by lines drawn from the vertices through a common interior point. The areas of four of these triangles are as indicated. Find the area of triangle $ABC$.

1985 ITAMO / AIME P9

In a circle, parallel chords of lengths 2, 3, and 4 determine central angles of $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\alpha + \beta$ radians, respectively, where $\alpha + \beta < \pi$. If $\cos \alpha$, which is a positive rational number, is expressed as a fraction in lowest terms, what is the sum of its numerator and denominator?

1985 ITAMO / AIME P12

Let $A$, $B$, $C$, and $D$ be the vertices of a regular tetrahedron, each of whose edges measures 1 meter. A bug, starting from vertex $A$, observes the following rule: at each vertex it chooses one of the three edges meeting at that vertex, each edge being equally likely to be chosen, and crawls along that edge to the vertex at its opposite end. Let $p = n/729$ be the probability that the bug is at vertex $A$ when it has crawled exactly 7 meters. Find the value of $n$.

1985 ITAMO / AIME P15

Three 12 cm $\times$ 12 cm squares are each cut into two pieces $A$ and $B$, as shown in the first figure below, by joining the midpoints of two adjacent sides. These six pieces are then attached to a regular hexagon, as shown in the second figure, so as to fold into a polyhedron. What is the volume (in $\text{cm}^3$) of this polyhedron?

1986 ITAMO P1

Two circles $\alpha$ and $\beta$ intersect at points $P$ and $Q$. The lines connecting a point $R$ on $\beta$ with $P$ and $Q$ intersect $\alpha$ again at $S$ and $T$ respectively. Prove that $ST$ is parallel to the line tangent to $\beta$ at $R$.

1986 ITAMO P5

Given an acute triangle $T$ with sides $a,b,c$, find the tetrahedra with base $T$ whose all faces are acute triangles of the same area.

1987 ITAMO P2

A tetrahedron has the property that the three segments connecting the pairs of midpoints of opposite edges are equal and mutually orthogonal. Prove that this tetrahedron is regular.

1987 ITAMO P3

Show how to construct (by a ruler and a compass) a right-angled triangle, given its inradius and circumradius.

1988 ITAMO P3

A regular pentagon of side length $1$ is given. Determine the smallest $r$ for which the pentagon can be covered by five discs of radius $r$ and justify your answer.

1988 ITAMO P5

Given four non-coplanar points, is it always possible to find a plane such that the orthogonal projections of the points onto the plane are the vertices of a parallelogram? How many such planes are there in general?

1989 ITAMO P3

Prove that, for every tetrahedron $ABCD$, there exists a unique point $P$ in the interior of the tetrahedron such that the tetrahedra $PABC,PABD,PACD,PBCD$ have equal volumes.

1989 ITAMO P4

Points $A,M,B,C,D$ are given on a circle in this order such that $A$ and $B$ are equidistant from $M$. Lines $MD$ and $AC$ intersect at $E$ and lines $MC$ and $BD$ intersect at $F$. Prove that the quadrilateral $CDEF$ is inscridable in a circle.

1990 ITAMO P2

In a triangle $ABC$, the bisectors of the angles at $B$ and $A$ meet the opposite sides at $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Suppose that the circumcircle of triangle $PQC$ passes through the incenter $R$of $\vartriangle ABC$. Given that $PQ = l$, find all sides of triangle $PQR$.

1991 ITAMO P1

For every triangle $ABC$ inscribed in a circle $\Gamma$ , let $A',B',C'$ be the intersections of the bisectors of the angles at $A,B,C$ with $\Gamma$ . Consider the triangle $A'B'C'$ .

(a) Do triangles $A'B'C'$ go over all possible triangles inscribed in $\Gamma$ as $\vartriangle ABC$ varies? If not, what are the constraints?

(b) Prove that the angle bisectors of $\vartriangle ABC$ are the altitudes of $\vartriangle A',B',C'$ .

1992 ITAMO P1

A cube is divided into $27$ equal smaller cubes. A plane intersects the cube. Find the maximum possible number of smaller cubes the plane can intersect.

1992 ITAMO P2

A convex quadrilateral of area $1$ is given. Prove that there exist four points in the interior or on the sides of the quadrilateral such that each triangle with the vertices in three of these four points has an area greater than or equal to $1/4$.

1993 ITAMO P1

Let be given points $A,B,C$ on a line, with $C$ between $A$ and $B$. Three semicircles with diameters $AC,BC,AB$ are drawn on the same side of line $ABC$. The perpendicular to $AB$ at $C$ meets the circle with diameter $AB$ at $H$. Given that $CH =\sqrt2$, compute the area of the region bounded by the three semicircles.

1993 ITAMO P4

Let $P$ be a point in the plane of a triangle $ABC$, different from its circumcenter. Prove that the triangle whose vertices are the projections of $P$ on the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of $ABC$, is similar to $ABC$.

1993 ITAMO P6

A unit cube $C$ is rotated around one of its diagonals for the angle $\pi /3$ to form a cube $C'$. Find the volume of the intersection of $C$ and $C'$.

1994 ITAMO P4

Let $ABC$ be a triangle contained in one of the halfplanes determined by a line $r$. Points $A',B',C'$ are the reflections of $A,B,C$ in $r,$ respectively. Consider the line through $A'$ parallel to $BC$, the line through $B'$ parallel to $AC$ and the line through $C'$ parallel to $AB$. Show that these three lines have a common point.

1994 ITAMO P5

Let $OP$ be a diagonal of a unit cube. Find the minimum and the maximum value of the area of the intersection of the cube with a plane through $OP$.

1995 ITAMO P3

Αn acute-angled triangle $ABC$ is inscribed in a circle with center $O$. The bisector of $\angle A$ meets $BC$ at $D$, and the perpendicular to $AO$ through $D$ meets the segment $AC$ in a point $P$. Show that $AB = AP$.

1995 ITAMO P4

Two non-coplanar circles in space are tangent at a point and have the same tangents at this point. Show that both circles lie on some sphere.

1996 ITAMO P1

Among all the triangles which have a fixed side $l$ and a fixed area $S$, determine for which triangles the product of the altitudes is maximum.

1996 ITAMO P3

Given a cube of unit side. Let $A$ and $B$ be two opposite vertex. Determine the radius of the sphere, with center inside the cube, tangent to the three faces of the cube with common point $A$ and tangent to the three sides with common point $B$.

1996 ITAMO P5

Given a circle $C$ and an exterior point $A$. For every point $P$ on the circle construct the square $APQR$ (in counterclock order). Determine the locus of the point $Q$ when $P$ moves on the circle $C$.

1997 ITAMO P1
An infinite rectangular stripe of width $3$ cm is folded along a line. What is the minimum possible area of the region of overlapping?

1997 ITAMO P4

Let $ABCD$ be a tetrahedron. Let $a$ be the length of $AB$ and let $S$ be the area of the projection of the tetrahedron onto a plane perpendicular to $AB$. Determine the volume of the tetrahedron in terms of $a$ and $S$.

1998 ITAMO P2

Prove that in each polyhedron there exist two faces with the same number of edges.

1998 ITAMO P4

Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid with the longer base $AB$ such that its diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ are perpendicular. Let O be the circumcenter of the triangle $ABC$ and $E$ be the intersection of the lines $OB$ and $CD$. Prove that $BC^2 = CD \cdot CE$.

1999 ITAMO P1

A rectangular sheet with sides $a$ and $b$ is fold along a diagonal. Compute the area of the overlapping triangle.

1999 ITAMO P3

Let $r_1,r_2,r$, with $r_1 < r_2 < r$, be the radii of three circles $\Gamma_1,\Gamma_2,\Gamma$, respectively. The circles $\Gamma_1,\Gamma_2$ are internally tangent to $\Gamma$ at two distinct points $A,B$ and intersect in two distinct points. Prove that the segment $AB$ contains an intersection point of $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ if and only if $r_1 +r_2 = r$.

2000 ITAMO P2

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral, and write $\alpha=\angle DAB$; $\beta=\angle ADB$; $\gamma=\angle ACB$; $\delta= \angle DBC$; and $\epsilon=\angle DBA$. Assuming that $\alpha<\pi/2$, $\beta+\gamma=\pi /2$, and $\delta+2\epsilon=\pi$, prove that $(DB+BC)^2=AD^2+AC^2$

2000 ITAMO P3

A pyramid with the base $ABCD$ and the top $V$ is inscribed in a sphere. Let $AD = 2BC$ and let the rays $AB$ and $DC$ intersect in point $E$. Compute the ratio of the volume of the pyramid $VAED$ to the volume of the pyramid $VABCD$.

2001 ITAMO P1

A hexagon has all its angles equal, and the lengths of four consecutive sides are $5$, $3$, $6$ and $7$, respectively. Find the lengths of the remaining two edges.

2001 ITAMO P5

Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $\gamma$ the circle inscribed in $ABC$. The circle $\gamma$ is tangent to side $AB$ at the point $T$. Let $D$ be the point of $\gamma$ diametrically opposite to $T$, and $S$ the intersection point of the line through $C$ and $D$ with side $AB$. Prove that $AT=SB$.

2002 ITAMO P3
Let $A$ and $B$ are two points on a plane, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $AB$. Let $r$ be a line and let $R$ and $S$ be the projections of $A$ and $B$ onto $r$. Assuming that $A$, $M$, and $R$ are not collinear, prove that the circumcircle of triangle $AMR$ has the same radius as the circumcircle of $BSM$.

2003 ITAMO P3
Let a semicircle is given with diameter $AB$ and centre $O$ and let $C$ be a arbitrary point on the segment $OB$. Point $D$ on the semicircle is such that $CD$ is perpendicular to $AB$. A circle with centre $P$ is tangent to the arc $BD$ at $F$ and to the segment $CD$ and $AB$ at $E$ and $G$ respectively. Prove that the triangle $ADG$ is isosceles.

2004 ITAMO P2
Two parallel lines $r,s$ and two points $P \in r$ and $Q \in s$ are given in a plane. Consider all pairs of circles $(C_P, C_Q)$ in that plane such that $C_P$ touches $r$ at $P$ and $C_Q$ touches $s$ at $Q$ and which touch each other externally at some point $T$. Find the locus of $T$.

2004 ITAMO P6
Let $P$ be a point inside a triangle $ABC$. Lines $AP,BP,CP$ meet the opposite sides of the triangle at points $A',B',C'$ respectively. Denote $x =\frac{AP}{PA'}, y = \frac{BP}{PB'}$ and $z = \frac{CP}{PC'}$. Prove that $xyz = x+y+z+2$.

2005 ITAMO P1
Let $ABC$ be a right angled triangle with hypotenuse $AC$, and let $H$ be the foot of the altitude from $B$ to $AC$. Knowing that there is a right-angled triangle with side-lengths $AB, BC, BH$, determine all the possible values ​​of $\frac{AH}{CH}$

2005 ITAMO P6
Two circles $\gamma_1, \gamma_2$ in a plane, with centers $A$ and $B$ respectively, intersect at $C$ and $D$. Suppose that the circumcircle of $ABC$ intersects $\gamma_1$ in $E$ and $\gamma_2$ in $F$, where the arc $EF$ not containing $C$ lies outside $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$. Prove that this arc $EF$ is bisected by the line $CD$.

2006 ITAMO P3
Let $A$ and $B$ be two distinct points on the circle $\Gamma$, not diametrically opposite. The point $P$, distinct from $A$ and $B$, varies on $\Gamma$. Find the locus of the orthocentre of triangle $ABP$.

2007 ITAMO P1
It is given a regular hexagon in the plane. Let P be a point of the plane. Define s(P) as the sum of the distances from P to each side of the hexagon, and v(P) as the sum of the distances from P to each vertex.
a) Find the locus of points P that minimize s(P)
b) Find the locus of points P that minimize v(P)

2007 ITAMO P3
Let ABC be a triangle, G its centroid, M the midpoint of AB, D the point on the line $AG$ such that $AG = GD, A \neq D$, E the point on the line $BG$ such that $BG = GE, B \neq E$. Show that the quadrilateral BDCM is cyclic if and only if $AD = BE$.

2008 ITAMO P1
Let $ABCDEFGHILMN$ be a regular dodecagon, let $P$ be the intersection point of the diagonals $AF$ and $DH$. Let $S$ be the circle which passes through $A$ and $H$, and which has the same radius of the circumcircle of the dodecagon, but is different from the circumcircle of the dodecagon. Prove that:
a. $P$ lies on $S$
b. the center of $S$ lies on the diagonal $HN$
c. the length of $PE$ equals the length of the side of the dodecagon

2008 ITAMO P5
Let $ABC$ be a triangle, all of whose angles are greater than $45^{\circ}$ and smaller than $90^{\circ}$.
(a) Prove that one can fit three squares inside $ABC$ in such a way that: (i) the three squares are equal (ii) the three squares have common vertex $K$ inside the triangle (iii) any two squares have no common point but $K$ (iv) each square has two opposite vertices onthe boundary of $ABC$, while all the other points of the square are inside $ABC$.
(b) Let $P$ be the center of the square which has $AB$ as a side and is outside $ABC$. Let $r_{C}$ be the line symmetric to $CK$ with respect to the bisector of $\angle BCA$. Prove that $P$ lies on $r_{C}$.

2009 ITAMO P2
$ABCD$ is a square with centre $O$. Two congruent isosceles triangle $BCJ$ and $CDK$ with base $BC$ and $CD$ respectively are constructed outside the square. let $M$ be the midpoint of $CJ$. Show that $OM$ and $BK$ are perpendicular to each other.

2009 ITAMO P4
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled scalene triangle and $\Gamma$ be its circumcircle. $K$ is the foot of the internal bisector of $\angle BAC$ on $BC$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of the arc $BC$ containing $A$. $MK$ intersect $\Gamma$ again at $A'$. $T$ is the intersection of the tangents at $A$ and $A'$. $R$ is the intersection of the perpendicular to $AK$ at $A$ and perpendicular to $A'K$ at $A'$. Show that $T, R$ and $K$ are collinear.

2010 ITAMO P3
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral. such that $\angle CAB = \angle CDA$ and $\angle BCA = \angle ACD$. If $M$ be the midpoint of $AB$, prove that $\angle BCM = \angle DBA$.

2010 ITAMO P4
In a trapezium $ABCD$, the sides $AB$ and $CD$ are parallel and the angles $\angle ABC$ and $\angle BAD$ are acute. Show that it is possible to divide the triangle $ABC$ into 4 disjoint triangle $X_1. . . , X_4$ and the triangle $ABD$ into 4 disjoint triangles $Y_1,. . . , Y_4$ such that the triangles $X_i$ and $Y_i$ are congruent for all $i$.

2011 ITAMO P4
A trapezium is given with parallel bases having lengths $1$ and $4$. Split it into two trapeziums by a cut, parallel to the bases, of length $3$. We now want to divide the two new trapeziums, always by means of cuts parallel to the bases, in $m$ and $n$ trapeziums, respectively, so that all the $m + n$ trapezoids obtained have the same area. Determine the minimum possible value for $m + n$ and the lengths of the cuts to be made to achieve this minimum value.

2011 ITAMO P4
$ABCD$ is a convex quadrilateral. $P$ is the intersection of external bisectors of $\angle DAC$ and $\angle DBC$. Prove that $\angle APD = \angle BPC$ if and only if $AD+AC=BC+BD$

2012 ITAMO P1
On the sides of a triangle $ABC$ right angled at $A$ three points $D, E$ and $F$ (respectively $BC, AC$ and $AB$) are chosen so that the quadrilateral $AFDE$ is a square. If $x$ is the length of the side of the square, show that $\frac{1}{x}=\frac{1}{AB}+\frac{1}{AC}$

2012 ITAMO P5
$ABCD$ is a square. Describe the locus of points $P$, different from $A, B, C, D$, on that plane for which $\widehat{APB}+\widehat{CPD}=180^\circ$

2013 ITAMO P2
In triangle $ABC$, suppose we have $a> b$, where $a=BC$ and $b=AC$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $AB$, and $\alpha, \beta$ are inscircles of the triangles $ACM$ and $BCM$ respectively. Let then $A'$ and $B'$ be the points of tangency of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ on $CM$. Prove that $A'B'=\frac{a - b}{2}$.

2013 ITAMO P5
$ABC$ is an isosceles triangle with $AB=AC$ and the angle in $A$ is less than $60^{\circ}$. Let $D$ be a point on $AC$ such that $\angle{DBC}=\angle{BAC}$. $E$ is the intersection between the perpendicular bisector of $BD$ and the line parallel to $BC$ passing through $A$. $F$ is a point on the line $AC$ such that $FA=2AC$ ($A$ is between $F$ and $C$).
Show that $EB$ and $AC$ are parallel and that the perpendicular from $F$ to $AB$, the perpendicular from $E$ to $AC$ and $BD$ are concurrent.

2014 ITAMO P2
Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Let $H$ be the foot of the altitude from $C$ on $AB$. Suppose that $AH = 3HB$. Suppose in addition we are given that
(a) $M$ is the midpoint of $AB$;
(b) $N$ is the midpoint of $AC$;
(c) $P$ is a point on the opposite side of $B$ with respect to the line $AC$ such that $NP = NC$ and $PC = CB$.
Prove that $\angle APM = \angle PBA$.

2014 ITAMO P4
Let $\omega$ be a circle with center $A$ and radius $R$. On the circumference of $\omega$ four distinct points $B, C, G, H$ are taken in that order in such a way that $G$ lies on the extended $B$-median of the triangle $ABC$, and H lies on the extension of altitude of $ABC$ from $B$. Let $X$ be the intersection of the straight lines $AC$ and $GH$. Show that the segment $AX$ has length $2R$.

2015 ITAMO P1
Let $ABCDA'B'C'D'$ be a rectangular parallelipiped, where $ABCD$ is the lower face and $A, B, C$ and $D'$ are below $A', B', C'$ and $D'$, respectively. The parallelipiped is divided into eight parts by three planes parallel to its faces. For each vertex P, let $V_P$ denote the volume of the part containing $P$. Given that $V_A= 40, V_C = 300 , V_B' = 360$ and $V_C'= 90$, find the volume of $ABCDA'B'C'D'$.

2015 ITAMO P3
Let $ABC$ a triangle, let $K$ be the foot of the bisector relative to $BC$ and $J$ be the foot of the trisectrix relative to $BC$ closer to the side $AC$ ($3 \angle JAC=3 \angle CAB$ ). Let $C'$ and $B'$ be two point on the line $AJ$ on the side of $J$ with respect to $A$, such that $AC'=AC$ and $AB=AB'$. Prove that $ABB'C$ is cyclic if and only if lines $C'K$ and $BB'$ are parallel.

2015 ITAMO P5

Let $AB$ be a chord of a circle $\Gamma$ and let $C$ be a point on the segment $AB$. Let $r$ be a line through $C$ which intersects $\Gamma$ at the points $D,E$; suppose that $D,E$ lie on different sides with respect to the perpendicular bisector of $AB$. Let $\Gamma_D$ be the circumference which is externally tangent to $\Gamma$ at $D$ and touches the line $AB$ at $F$. Let $\Gamma_E$ be the circumference which is externally tangent to $\Gamma$ at $E$ and touches the line $AB$ at $G$. Prove that $CA=CB$ if and only if $CF=CG$.

2016 ITAMO P1
Let $ABC$ be a triangle, and let $D$ and $E$ be the orthogonal projections of $A$ onto the internal bisectors from $B$ and $C$. Prove that $DE$ is parallel to $BC$.

2016 ITAMO P3
Let $\Gamma$ be the excircle of triangle $ABC$ opposite to the vertex $A$ (namely, the circle tangent to $BC$ and to the prolongations of the sides $AB$ and $AC$ from the part $B$ and $C$). Let $D$ be the center of $\Gamma$ and $E$, $F$, respectively, the points in which $\Gamma$ touches the prolongations of $AB$ and $AC$. Let $J$ be the intersection between the segments $BD$ and $EF$. Prove that $\angle CJB$ is a right angle.

2017 ITAMO P4
Let $ABCD$ be a thetraedron with the following propriety: the four lines connecting a vertex and the incenter of opposite face are concurrent. Prove $AB \cdot CD= AC \cdot BD = AD\cdot BC$.

2018 ITAMO P2
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angeled triangle , non-isosceles and with barycentre $G$ (which is , in fact , the intersection of the medians).Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$ , and let Ω be the circle with centre $G$ and radius $GM$ , and let $N$ be the point of intersection between Ω and $BC$ that is distinct from $M$.Let $S$ be the symmetric point of $A$ with respect to $N$ , that is , the point on the line $AN$ such that $AN=NS$. Prove that $GS$ is perpendicular to $BC$

2018 ITAMO P6

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB=AC$ and let $I$ be its incenter. Let $\Gamma$ be the circumcircle of $ABC$. Lines $BI$ and $CI$ intersect $\Gamma$ in two new points, $M$ and $N$ respectively. Let $D$ be another point on $\Gamma$ lying on arc $BC$ not containing $A$, and let $E,F$ be the intersections of $AD$ with $BI$ and $CI$, respectively. Let $P,Q$ be the intersections of $DM$ with $CI$ and of $DN$ with $BI$ respectively.

(i) Prove that $D,I,P,Q$ lie on the same circle $\Omega$

(ii) Prove that lines $CE$ and $BF$ intersect on $\Omega$

2019 ITAMO P1

Let $ABCDEF$ be a hexagon inscribed in a circle such that $AB=BC,$ $CD=DE$ and $EF=AF.$ Prove that segments $AD,$ $BE$ and $CF$ are concurrent.

2019 ITAMO P5

Let $ABC$ be an acute angled triangle$.$ Let $D$ be the foot of the internal angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ and let $M$ be the midpoint of $AD.$ Let $X$ be a point on segment $BM$ such that $\angle MXA=\angle DAC.$ Prove that $AX$ is perpendicular to $XC.$

2020 ITAMO P1

Let $\omega$ be a circle and let $A,B,C,D,E$ be five points on $\omega$ in this order. Define $F=BC\cap DE$, such that the points $F$ and $A$ are on opposite sides, with regard to the line $BE$ and the line $AE$ is tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle $BFE$.

a) Prove that the lines $AC$ and $DE$ are parallel

b) Prove that $AE=CD$

2020 ITAMO P4
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle with $AB=AC$, let $D$ be the foot of perpendicular, of the

point $C$, to the line $AB$ and the point $M$ is the midpoint of $AC$. Finally, the point $E$ is the

second intersection of the line $BC$ and the circumcircle of $\triangle CDM$. Prove that the lines

$AE, BM$ and $CD$ are concurrents if and only if $CE=CM$.

2021 ITAMO P2

Let $ABC$ a triangle and let $I$ be the center of its inscribed circle. Let $D$ be the symmetric point of

$I$ with respect to $AB$ and $E$ be the symmetric point of $I$ with respect to $AC$.

Show that the circumcircles of the triangles $BID$ and $CIE$ are eachother tangent.

2021 ITAMO P5

Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle, let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$ and let $H$ be the foot of the

$B$-altitude. Let $Q$ be the circumcenter of $ABM$ and let $X$ be the intersection point between

$BH$ and the axis of $BC$.

Show that the circumcircles of the two triangles $ACM$, $AXH$ and the line $CQ$ pass through a

same point if and only if $BQ$ is perpendicular to $CQ$.

source / an Italian forum: http://www.oliforum.it/